Top 5: Mediterranean Diet for Colon Cancer

Mediterranean Diet: Reduce Colon Cancer Risk

Mediterranean Diet for Colon Cancer is a proven way to support a healthy gut and reduce the risk of tumor development. Research shows that diets rich in vegetables, fruits, fish, olive oil, and nuts can significantly lower the incidence of colon cancer and related complications. Colon cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide and in our country. Research shows that following a Mediterranean Diet rich in vegetables, fruits, fish, olive oil, and nuts—can significantly lower the risk of cancer and vascular disease-related deaths.

What are the causes of colon cancer? Who are at risk?

According to Liv Hospital General Surgery Specialist Prof. MD. Ahmet Cem Dural, more than 90% of colon cancers develop from pre-existing polyps. The risk of developing polyps and therefore colon cancer increases significantly after age 50. Diets high in fat and low in fiber, a family history of colon cancer, and inflammatory bowel diseases like ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease also elevate risk. Awareness of these factors and the importance of nutrition are key for prevention, early detection, and treatment.

Is colon cancer dangerous?

Early diagnosis is crucial as colon cancer often progresses slowly and may not show symptoms until later stages. This cancer is especially common in people over 50 but can be successfully treated when detected early. Globally, colon cancer is the second or third most frequently diagnosed cancer type.

What are the symptoms of colon cancer?

• Anemia
  
  
• Constipation
  
  
• Palpable mass
  
  
• Rectal bleeding
  
  
• Blood in the stool
  
  
• Decreased stool diameter
  
  
• Changed defecation routine
  
  
• Inability to relief the urge to defecate
  
  
• Abdominal pain for more than 15 days

How to diagnose early?

While stool occult blood and immunohistochemical tests can aid colorectal cancer screening, colonoscopy remains the most effective method. Polyps can be removed during colonoscopy before they become cancerous. For individuals without a family history, the first colonoscopy is recommended at age 50, repeated every ten years if normal. Those with a family history should begin screening ten years before the relative’s diagnosis age. Regular check-ups and proactive screening are essential, especially for high-risk individuals.

What is the treatment of colon cancer?

Surgery is the primary treatment for colon cancer, typically involving the removal of the tumor along with nearby healthy colon tissue and lymph nodes. This comprehensive approach is crucial for long-term survival and reducing the risk of recurrence or metastasis, so it should be performed by experienced surgeons.
Today, minimally invasive techniques such as laparoscopic and robotic surgery achieve high success rates without the need for large incisions. These approaches offer several benefits, including less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and minimal scarring. For tumors located near the anus, preoperative chemotherapy and radiotherapy can sometimes help avoid the need for a colostomy (an opening of the colon to the abdominal wall).

How Mediterranean Diet for Colon Cancer Supports Prevention ?

Following a mediterranean diet for colon cancer not only helps prevent colon cancer but also supports overall gut health. High fiber from vegetables, fruits, and legumes aids digestion and reduces inflammation in the intestines. Healthy fats from olive oil and fish improve cardiovascular health, while antioxidants from nuts, fruits, and vegetables help combat cellular damage. Maintaining a balanced diet based on mediterranean diet principles can also help control body weight and reduce the risk of obesity-related cancers.

The Mediterranean Diet as a Preventative Medicine

Research consistently demonstrates that the Mediterranean Diet is not merely a "weight loss" plan but a scientifically validated lifestyle that reduces the risk of cancer and vascular disease-related deaths. But how exactly does it work?

The Biological Mechanisms of Protection

The Mediterranean Diet operates on a cellular level to create an environment hostile to cancer formation.

1. The Power of Fiber and the Microbiome

The diet emphasizes vegetables, fruits, legumes, and whole grains. These high-fiber foods are not fully digested in the stomach; they travel to the colon where they feed beneficial gut bacteria.

• Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs): When gut bacteria ferment fiber, they produce SCFAs like butyrate. Butyrate is the primary fuel source for the cells lining the colon and has been shown to induce apoptosis (programmed cell death) in cancer cells and reduce inflammation.

2. Anti-Inflammatory Fats

Unlike the Western diet, which is high in pro-inflammatory Omega-6 fatty acids (found in processed vegetable oils), the Mediterranean diet relies on Olive Oil and Fish.

• Olive Oil: Rich in oleic acid and polyphenols like oleocanthal, olive oil acts similarly to anti-inflammatory drugs (like ibuprofen) but naturally. It reduces the oxidative stress that damages DNA.
• Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Found in fatty fish (salmon, mackerel, sardines), Omega-3s suppress the production of molecules that promote tumor growth and blood vessel formation (angiogenesis) within tumors.

3. Antioxidant Defense

Nuts, fruits, and colorful vegetables are packed with antioxidants (Vitamins C, E, and Selenium). These compounds neutralize free radicals unstable atoms that can damage cells, causing illness and aging. By neutralizing free radicals, the diet prevents the initial DNA damage that leads to polyp formation.

Follow the Mediterranean Diet for Colon Cancer Recommendations

• Consult your doctor in case of long-term constipation and rectal bleeding complaints
  
  
• Do moderate intensity exercises for 4-5 days a week instead of an inactive life.
  
  
• Apply a nutritional schedule that is rich in fibers, low in fats with balanced protein.
  
  
• Avoid smoking and alcohol.
  
  
• Maintain your ideal weight.
  
  
• Scientific studies have shown that Mediterranean diet, rich in vegetables, fruits, fish, olive oil, and nuts, significantly reduces cancer and vascular occlusion related deaths.

* Liv Hospital Editorial Board has contributed to the publication of this content .
* Contents of this page is for informational purposes only. Please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. The content of this page does not include information on medicinal health care at Liv Hospital .

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