Carcinoma in Situ is the earliest non invasive cancer. It is highly curable if detected early through screening.
Means in its original place. Abnormal cells are present but have not invaded underlying tissue.
CIS cells stay in epithelial layer and have not broken the basement membrane, making it Stage 0 cancer.
Most common breast CIS. Abnormal cells stay in milk ducts and are often found via mammogram.
Detected by Pap smear. CIS in cervix is a precursor to invasive cancer. HPV vaccine reduces risk.
Invasive cancer breaks the membrane and can spread. CIS remains contained and cannot metastasize.
Non invasive CIS is almost 100 percent curable if treated before it progresses to invasive cancer.
Mammograms and Pap smears detect CIS early, allowing curative treatment and preventing invasive cancer.