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Radiation helps treat cancer, but some side effects can be lifelong. Here’s what healthcare teams should know.

WHAT MAKES RADIATION SIDE EFFECTS PERMANENT?

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BRAIN DAMAGE AND COGNITIVE DECLINE

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HEAD & NECK STRUCTURAL IMPACT

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HEART & LUNG DAMAGE AFTER CHEST RADIATION

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PELVIC RADIATION & ORGAN EFFECTS

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REPRODUCTIVE & SEXUAL HEALTH IMPACT

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SKIN & TISSUE CHANGES THAT LAST

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CAN PERMANENT DAMAGE BE REDUCED?

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Stories

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PERMANENT DAMAGE GUIDE

THE MAJOR RADIATION SIDE EFFECTS:

WHAT MAKES RADIATION SIDE EFFECTS PERMANENT?

Radiation can damage surrounding healthy cells. The risk and severity depend on treatment area, dose, and patient factors.

BRAIN DAMAGE AND COGNITIVE DECLINE

Radiation to the brain may lead to memory loss, learning difficulty, and radiation necrosis, especially in younger patients.

HEAD & NECK STRUCTURAL IMPACT

Permanent dry mouth, jawbone necrosis, swallowing difficulty, and speech changes may occur after head and neck radiation.

HEART & LUNG DAMAGE AFTER CHEST RADIATION

Radiation to the chest can increase the risk of heart disease, fibrosis, and long-term decline in lung capacity.

PELVIC RADIATION & ORGAN EFFECTS

Permanent urinary problems and chronic bowel dysfunction may affect daily life and require ongoing management.

REPRODUCTIVE & SEXUAL HEALTH IMPACT

Radiation may cause infertility, early menopause, erectile dysfunction, or vaginal stenosis depending on treatment site.

SKIN & TISSUE CHANGES THAT LAST

Patients may experience fibrosis, tissue hardening, discoloration, and fragile skin due to long-term radiation effects.

CAN PERMANENT DAMAGE BE REDUCED?

Modern radiation planning, protective medications, and rehabilitation help minimize long-term complications.

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