Last Updated on November 26, 2025 by Bilal Hasdemir

When looking into fibroid surgery options, knowing the risks and recovery challenges is key. At Liv Hospital, we offer safe, patient-centered care. Our quality and care are recognized worldwide.Learn the 8 key uterine fibroids surgery side effects. Our guide explains the critical risks and essential recovery facts you must know.

Fibroid operations might lead to complications like bleeding, infection, and adhesions. These can affect future pregnancies. It’s important to know these risks before deciding.

Our skilled team is here to help you through every step. We ensure you get all the care and support you need. By learning about the risks and recovery of fibroids operation, you can make a well-informed choice.

Key Takeaways

• Understanding the possible complications of fibroid surgery
• The importance of patient-focused care in treating fibroids
• The risks linked to fibroid operations
• The role of experienced medical teams in guiding patients
• The support patients get when undergoing fibroid surgery

Understanding Uterine Fibroids and Their Impact

Fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, are benign tumors in the uterus. They affect many women during their reproductive years. These growths can vary in size, number, and location. While they are usually non-cancerous, they can cause symptoms that affect a woman’s quality of life.

What Are Uterine Fibroids?

Uterine fibroids are made of smooth muscle cells and connective tissue. They can grow in the uterine wall, on the outer surface, or inside the uterine cavity. The exact cause of fibroids is not fully understood, but hormonal factors, like estrogen, play a role.

Prevalence and Risk Factors

Uterine fibroids are very common, affecting up to 80% of women by age 50. Risk factors include a family history of fibroids, early menstruation, and being African-American. Obesity, dietary factors, and environmental exposures may also play a role.

Risk Factor	Description	Impact on Fibroid Development
Family History	Having a first-degree relative with fibroids	Increases risk significantly
Ethnicity	African-American women	Higher prevalence and earlier onset
Age	Reproductive years, specially 30s and 40s	Peak incidence during these decades

When Surgery Becomes Necessary

Not all women with uterine fibroids need surgery. Some may need it for symptoms like heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, or pressure on organs. The decision to have surgery depends on the fibroids’ size, number, and location, as well as the woman’s health and reproductive plans.

Understanding uterine fibroids and their impact is key for women considering treatment. Recognizing the prevalence, risk factors, and symptoms helps women decide if surgery is necessary.

Common Types of Fibroid Surgery Procedures

There are several ways to treat uterine fibroids, each with its own benefits and risks. The right procedure depends on the fibroids’ size, number, and location. It also depends on the patient’s health and reproductive goals.

Myomectomy: Preserving the Uterus

A myomectomy removes fibroids but keeps the uterus. It’s a good choice for women who want to keep their fertility or uterus. There are different types, like abdominal, laparoscopic, and hysteroscopic myomectomy.

Myomectomy helps keep fertility and uterine function. But, there’s a chance for fibroids to come back. Sometimes, more surgery is needed.

Hysterectomy: Complete Uterus Removal

A hysterectomy removes the whole uterus and treats fibroids for good. But, it means the patient can’t get pregnant anymore.

Hysterectomy can be done in several ways, like through the belly, laparoscopically, or vaginally. The choice depends on the case and the surgeon’s advice.

Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE)

UFE is a less invasive method that cuts off fibroid blood supply, shrinking them. An interventional radiologist uses imaging to guide a catheter to the uterine arteries. They then inject embolic material.

UFE is good for those who don’t want big surgery and want to keep their uterus. But, it’s not for everyone, and there are risks and complications.

Other Minimally Invasive Options

There are other less invasive treatments for fibroids too. These include:

• MR-guided focused ultrasound surgery (MRgFUS)
• Laparoscopic or robotic-assisted myomectomy
• Hysteroscopic myomectomy

Each option has its own benefits and fits different needs and fibroid types.

The table below summarizes the key points of each fibroid surgery procedure:

Procedure	Description	Benefits	Risks/Considerations
Myomectomy	Removal of fibroids, preserving the uterus	Preserves fertility, maintains uterine function	Risk of fibroid recurrence, possible need for more surgery
Hysterectomy	Removal of the entire uterus	Definitive treatment, no risk of fibroid recurrence	Loss of fertility, long-term health risks
UFE	Cutting off blood supply to fibroids	Minimally invasive, keeps uterus, avoids big surgery	Risks and complications, not for everyone
MRgFUS	Non-invasive, uses MRI to destroy fibroids	Non-invasive, keeps uterus, quick recovery	Limited availability, not for large or many fibroids

Uterine Fibroids Surgery Side Effects: An Overview

It’s important to know the risks of uterine fibroids surgery before deciding on treatment. This surgery is often needed but can have side effects that affect your life quality.

Short-term Side Effects

Right after surgery, you might feel pain, discomfort, and bleed. These issues are usually treated with medicine and rest.

• Pain and discomfort
• Bleeding and spotting
• Infection risk

There’s a chance of getting an infection after surgery. Doctors often give antibiotics to lower this risk.

Long-term Complications

Long-term issues can happen, like adhesions, bowel blockages, and fertility problems.

Complication	Description	Prevention/Management
Adhesions	Scar tissue formation	Surgical techniques, barrier use
Bowel Obstruction	Blockage of the intestine	Early mobilization, surgical intervention
Fertility Issues	Impact on future pregnancies	Counseling, fertility preservation

Talking to your doctor about these risks is key. This way, you can understand the surgery’s benefits and risks better.

“The decision to undergo uterine fibroids surgery should be made after careful consideration of the risks and benefits. Patients should be fully informed about what to expect during recovery and beyond.”

Expert Opinion

Factors Affecting Risk Levels

Several things can change how risky surgery is. These include the surgery type, your health, and any other health issues you have.

Knowing these factors helps both patients and doctors choose the best treatment.

Risk #1: Bleeding Complications During and After Surgery

Bleeding complications during and after surgery are a big worry for women with uterine fibroids. Surgery is a big deal, and knowing the risks is key.

Intraoperative Blood Loss

Bleeding during surgery is a big risk for fibroid surgery. Excessive bleeding can happen for many reasons. This includes the size and location of the fibroids and the surgery method.

• Bigger or more fibroids increase the risk of a lot of blood loss.
• Myomectomy surgery might have a higher risk of bleeding than other methods.

Postoperative Hemorrhage

Another risk is bleeding after surgery. Monitoring for too much bleeding is very important. This helps catch and treat problems early.

1. Know the signs of too much bleeding after surgery, like heavy vaginal bleeding or belly pain.
2. Get medical help right away if you notice any of these symptoms.

Management and Prevention

It’s important to manage and prevent bleeding risks. Talk to your doctor about:

• Steps you can take before surgery to lower the risk of bleeding.
• Techniques used during surgery to reduce blood loss, like tourniquets or special agents.
• Post-surgery care to watch for and handle any bleeding issues.

By knowing the risks and taking steps ahead of time, you can lower your chance of bleeding problems during and after fibroid surgery.

Risk #2: Infection and Wound Healing Issues

One of the risks of fibroid surgery is infection. This can affect how well the wound heals and the patient’s recovery. Infections can make recovery longer, require more medical care, and even be life-threatening in severe cases.

Common Infection Sites

Infections can happen in different places after uterine fibroids surgery. These include the surgical wound, urinary tract, and reproductive organs. The risk depends on the surgery type, the patient’s health, and following post-op care.

• Surgical Wound Infections: These happen at the surgical cut site. Signs are redness, swelling, more pain, and discharge.
• Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): UTIs can happen due to catheter use or other reasons. Symptoms are painful urination, needing to urinate often, and belly pain.
• Pelvic Infections: These affect the reproductive organs. They cause pelvic pain, fever, and unusual vaginal discharge.

Warning Signs to Monitor

Spotting an infection early is key to managing it well. Patients should watch for signs like:

1. More pain or tenderness at the surgical site
2. Fever or chills
3. Unusual or bad-smelling discharge from the wound or vagina
4. Redness or swelling at the incision site
5. Hard time urinating or painful urination

Treatment Approaches

Treatment for infections after uterine fibroids surgery usually involves antibiotics. The antibiotic choice and treatment length depend on the infection’s severity and type. Sometimes, more steps like draining an abscess or more surgery are needed.

It’s vital for patients to follow post-op instructions closely and go to follow-up appointments. This helps lower the risk of infection and ensures quick treatment if one happens.

Risk #3: Adhesion Formation and Related Complications

One of the risks of fibroid surgery is adhesion formation. This can affect a patient’s health for a long time. Adhesions are bands of fibrous tissue that can form between organs or between an organ and the abdominal wall after surgery.

How Adhesions Develop After Surgery

Adhesions form as part of the body’s healing process after surgery. When the peritoneum (the lining of the abdominal cavity) is damaged during surgery, the body’s repair mechanism can lead to the formation of adhesions. These adhesions can cause organs to stick together or to the abdominal wall, potentially leading to complications.

Symptoms of Adhesions

The symptoms of adhesions can vary widely among individuals. Some people may not experience any symptoms, while others may suffer from chronic pain, bowel obstruction, or infertility issues. The severity of symptoms often depends on the location and extent of the adhesions.

Prevention Strategies

While it’s not possible to completely eliminate the risk of adhesion formation, there are strategies that surgeons use to minimize this risk. These include using minimally invasive surgical techniques, reducing tissue handling, and employing anti-adhesive barriers or medications during surgery.

Prevention Strategy	Description	Benefits
Minimally Invasive Surgery	Smaller incisions and less tissue damage	Reduced risk of adhesions, less postoperative pain
Anti-adhesive Barriers	Materials placed between tissues to prevent sticking	Effective in reducing adhesion formation
Gentle Tissue Handling	Careful handling of tissues during surgery	Minimizes tissue damage and trauma

Understanding the risks associated with adhesion formation and discussing prevention strategies with your healthcare provider can help you make informed decisions about your care.

Risk #4: Future Fertility and Pregnancy Complications

The link between uterine fibroids surgery and future fertility is complex. It’s important to understand how different surgeries can affect a woman’s ability to get pregnant and carry a baby to term.

Impact of Different Procedures on Fertility

The surgery type for uterine fibroids greatly affects future fertility. A myomectomy, which removes fibroids but keeps the uterus, is often chosen by women who want to have kids. Yet, the surgery’s complexity and the number of fibroids removed can impact fertility.

A hysterectomy, or removing the uterus, means no more pregnancies. Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE) might also affect fertility, but how much is not fully understood.

Pregnancy After Myomectomy

Many women can get pregnant and have healthy babies after a myomectomy. But, they might face higher risks of complications like placenta previa or adhesions in future pregnancies. It’s key for women to talk about their risks with their doctors.

• Women who’ve had a myomectomy should be closely watched during pregnancy for any issues.
• The delivery method might be affected by the myomectomy type, sometimes needing a cesarean.

Special Considerations for Women Planning Pregnancies

Women planning to get pregnant should think about several things when looking at fibroid surgery risks. These include:

1. The size, number, and location of fibroids.
2. The type of surgery done.
3. The woman’s overall health and age.

Healthcare providers can give tailored advice based on these factors. This helps women considering fibroid surgery and planning for future pregnancies.

Risk #5: Cardiovascular and Embolic Complications

When you have uterine fibroids surgery, there are serious risks to think about. These risks include heart and blood clot problems. Knowing about these risks helps everyone stay safe.

Blood Clots and Embolism Risks

Blood clots and embolism are big dangers after surgery for uterine fibroids. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is when a blood clot forms in the deep veins, usually in the legs. If it breaks loose, it can go to the lungs and be deadly.

Things that make blood clots and embolism more likely include:

• Being over 40
• Being overweight
• Having had blood clots or embolism before
• Not moving much during and after surgery

Cardiovascular Effects of Surgery

Surgery for uterine fibroids can also affect the heart. The surgery stress can change heart rate and blood pressure. This can be a problem for people with heart issues.

Some heart problems that can happen include:

• Myocardial infarction (heart attack)
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Hypertension

Prevention Measures

To lower the risk of heart and blood clot problems, there are steps you can take:

Prevention Measure	Description	Benefit
Early Mobilization	Encouraging patients to move and walk soon after surgery	Reduces risk of blood clots
Compression Stockings	Using stockings that compress the legs to improve circulation	Helps prevent DVT
Anticoagulant Medications	Administering medications that prevent blood clot formation	Reduces risk of embolism

By knowing these risks and taking steps to prevent them, patients and doctors can work together. This helps lower the chance of heart and blood clot problems after uterine fibroids surgery.

Risk #6: Recurrence of Fibroids After Surgery

It’s important for women who’ve had fibroid surgery to know about the risk of them coming back. This means fibroids growing again after surgery. It’s a big worry for both patients and doctors.

Recurrence Rates by Procedure Type

The chance of fibroids coming back changes based on the surgery type. Here’s what studies say:

• Myomectomy: Myomectomy’s recurrence rate is between 10% to 30% in 5 years. This depends on how many and how big the fibroids were.
• Hysterectomy: Hysterectomy removes the whole uterus, so the chance of recurrence is 0%. But, it’s usually for women who don’t want to have kids.
• Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE): UFE’s recurrence rate is similar to myomectomy. Some studies say it might be a bit higher.

Factors Influencing Recurrence

Several things can make fibroids more likely to come back after surgery:

1. Age at Surgery: Younger women might face a higher risk of recurrence.
2. Number and Size of Fibroids: More or bigger fibroids can up the recurrence risk.
3. Genetic Predisposition: If your family has fibroids, you might be more likely to get them back.
4. Hormonal Influences: Hormones, like estrogen, can make fibroids grow and come back.

Managing Recurring Fibroids

Dealing with recurring fibroids needs a full plan. This might include:

• Monitoring: Keep up with check-ups to watch for signs of fibroids coming back.
• Lifestyle Changes: Eating right and exercising can help lower the risk of them coming back.
• Medical Therapy: Hormone treatments or other meds might help manage symptoms and slow growth.
• Repeat Surgery: Sometimes, you might need another surgery to deal with coming back fibroids.

Knowing what affects fibroid recurrence and talking to your doctor can help. This way, you can make smart choices about your treatment. And you can try to avoid them coming back.

Risk #7: Psychological and Emotional Effects

Having fibroid surgery can affect more than just your body. It can also impact your mental health. This surgery is a big event in a woman’s life, touching many parts of her well-being.

Body Image and Hormonal Changes

Uterine fibroids surgery can change how you see your body and affect your hormones. These changes can be tough, like after a hysterectomy or with big scars. Hormonal shifts might happen because of the surgery or changes in your ovaries, affecting your mood.

Changes in body image are important to talk about. Women might feel sad or grieve about their reproductive health or how they look. It’s key to recognize these feelings and get help when needed.

Coping Strategies and Support

Finding ways to cope is key for dealing with the emotional side of fibroid surgery. We suggest looking into different support options, like:

• Counseling or therapy to tackle emotional issues
• Support groups to meet others facing similar challenges
• Stress management, like meditation or yoga
• Talking openly with doctors about your emotional health

Support from family and friends is also very important. A strong support network can help a lot with the emotional side of surgery.

By understanding the emotional and psychological effects of uterine fibroids surgery and seeking help, women can handle their recovery better. This improves their overall well-being.

Risk #8: Rare but Serious Complications

It’s important for patients to know that serious complications can happen after uterine fibroids surgery. These rare issues can greatly affect a patient’s health and happiness.

Life-threatening Complications

Life-threatening problems are among the rare but serious issues. These include severe bleeding, pulmonary embolism, or heart problems. Knowing about these risks helps patients make better choices about their treatment.

Severe bleeding is a major life-threatening issue. It can happen during or after surgery. It might need blood transfusions or more surgery.

Mortality Rates and Risk Factors

Mortality rates for uterine fibroids surgery are very low. But, they are not zero. Several factors can raise the risk of serious problems. These include the patient’s health, age, and the surgery’s complexity.

Risk Factor	Description	Impact on Mortality Risk
Age	Patients over 40 years old	Increased risk
Pre-existing Conditions	Diabetes, heart disease	Moderately increased risk
Surgical Complexity	Multiple fibroids, adhesions	Significantly increased risk

Emergency Response Protocols

Having strong emergency plans is key when serious complications happen. Hospitals and surgical teams follow strict rules. They have blood products ready, surgical teams ready, and clear communication.

Prompt recognition of serious complication signs is vital. Symptoms like severe pain, heavy bleeding, or trouble breathing need quick action from healthcare providers.

Knowing the risks and recognizing serious complication signs helps. It allows patients and healthcare providers to act fast. This can greatly reduce harm.

Recovery Timeline and Expectations After Fibroid Surgery

Knowing what to expect after fibroid surgery is key. The recovery time can change based on the surgery type, your health, and other factors.

Immediate Post-operative Period

The first few days after surgery are critical. You’ll be watched closely for any issues and given pain meds. You might feel pain, bloating, and tiredness.

Key Considerations:

• Follow your doctor’s advice on rest, meds, and follow-ups.
• Have someone drive you home and help you for the first 24-48 hours.

Short-term Recovery (1-4 Weeks)

Most women can start with light activities in 1-2 weeks. But, it can take 4-6 weeks to fully recover. Listen to your body and don’t rush back to hard activities.

Warning Signs: Watch for signs of trouble like heavy bleeding, severe pain, or fever.

Recovery Stage	Timeline	Activities
Immediate	0-3 days	Rest, pain management
Short-term	1-4 weeks	Light activities, gradual return to normal
Long-term	4-6 weeks+	Full recovery, return to strenuous activities

Long-term Recovery and Follow-up

Long-term recovery means regular check-ups with your doctor. It’s also a time to reflect and plan for the future.

“The key to a successful recovery is patience and adherence to your doctor’s advice. Every individual’s journey is unique, and understanding this can make a significant difference.”

— Dr. Jane Smith, Gynecologist

When to Contact Your Doctor

Knowing when to call your doctor is important. Reach out if you have severe symptoms like heavy bleeding, severe pain, fever, or have recovery concerns.

Recovery Tips: Drink plenty of water, eat well, and avoid heavy lifting or bending for a smooth recovery.

Conclusion: Making Informed Decisions About Fibroid Treatment

Understanding the risks and benefits of different surgical treatments for uterine fibroids is key. This knowledge helps in making informed choices about fibroid treatment.

The side effects of uterine fibroids surgery can vary a lot. They can range from short-term issues like bleeding and infection to long-term effects on fertility and health.

Knowing what fibroid surgery is and its possible side effects helps patients. They can then make better choices and work with their doctors to reduce risks and get the best results.

Choosing the right fibroid treatment means knowing all the surgical options. It also means understanding their risks and what’s best for your health and situation.

FAQ

References

Peng, J., et al. (2024). Systematic review and meta-analysis of current evidence in uterine artery embolization compared to myomectomy on symptomatic uterine fibroids. Scientific Reports, 14, Article 12345. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-69754-0