Gynecology & Obstetrics

Gynecology and Obstetrics is the branch of medicine focused on women’s reproductive health, covering two related areas: gynecology, which addresses conditions of the reproductive organs, and obstetrics, which covers pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care. Conditions treated in this branch range from menstrual disorders and fibroids to pregnancy complications and menopause-related changes.

Some gynecologic conditions are linked to viral infections, most notably the human papillomavirus (HPV), which is associated with cervical cell changes and, in some cases, cervical cancer. Routine screening, such as a Pap smear or HPV test, plays an important role in catching these changes early, before they progress.

Care in this branch spans different life stages, from adolescence through pregnancy and into menopause, and often combines routine preventive checkups with more specific evaluation when symptoms arise, such as irregular bleeding, pelvic pain, or fertility concerns. Regular gynecologic exams are generally recommended even in the absence of symptoms, as a preventive measure.