Plastic Surgery

Plastic Surgery: Aesthetic Enhancements & Reconstructive Care

Facial Implants Surgery and Recovery

Plastic Surgery: Aesthetic Enhancements & Reconstructive Care

Plastic surgery restores form and function through reconstructive procedures, cosmetic enhancements, and body contouring.

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Anesthesia Protocols

Facial implant surgery is typically performed under general anesthesia or deep intravenous sedation (twilight anesthesia). The choice depends on the procedure’s complexity and patient comfort. General anesthesia ensures the airway is protected, especially for intraoral procedures where fluids could accumulate in the mouth.

Local anesthesia with epinephrine is also injected into the surgical site. This provides a dual benefit: it numbs the area to reduce pain upon waking and constricts blood vessels to minimize bleeding during the operation. The anesthesia team monitors vital signs continuously throughout the procedure.

  • Administration of general or deep sedation
  • Airway protection for intraoral safety
  • Infiltration of local anesthetic with epinephrine
  • Minimization of intraoperative bleeding
  • Continuous monitoring of hemodynamic stability
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Incision Strategies

PLASTIC SURGERY

Incisions are strategically placed to be as invisible as possible. For chin implants, the incision is made either inside the mouth (in the gingivobuccal sulcus) or externally in the natural crease under the chin (submental). The external approach lowers the risk of infection from oral bacteria.

Cheek implants are usually placed through incisions inside the mouth, above the upper gum line. Jaw angle implants utilize incisions in the back of the mouth behind the molars. These intraoral approaches result in no visible external scarring.

  • Selection of intraoral vs. extraoral approaches
  • Concealment of scars within the mouth
  • Placement in natural submental creases
  • minimization of visible scarring
  • Strategic access for implant positioning
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Dissection and Pocket Creation

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The surgeon carefully dissects the tissue to create a “pocket” for the implant. This pocket is made directly on top of the bone, beneath the periosteum (the connective tissue covering the bone). This deep placement is crucial for stability and a natural look.

The pocket must be precise just large enough to fit the implant without buckling, but tight enough to prevent migration. The surgeon creates this space carefully to avoid damaging sensory nerves, such as the mental nerve in the chin or the infraorbital nerve in the cheek.

  • Elevation of the subperiosteal plane
  • Creation of a precise, tight implant pocket
  • Placement directly onto the skeletal structure
  • Avoidance of critical sensory nerves
  • Ensuring adequate soft tissue coverage

Implant Placement and Fixation

The sterilized implant is inserted into the pocket. The surgeon ensures it sits flush against the bone contours. For solid silicone implants, the tight pocket often holds them in place. However, fixation is preferred to guarantee stability.

Fixation typically involves using small titanium screws to anchor the implant to the underlying bone. This prevents the implant from shifting, rotating, or migrating over time. Some surgeons use sutures to secure the implant to the surrounding soft tissue, though screw fixation is considered the gold standard for rigid immobilization.

  • Insertion and positioning of the implant
  • Verification of flush bone contact
  • Anchoring with titanium microscrews
  • Prevention of rotation or migration
  • Alternative fixation with sutures
PLASTIC SURGERY

Wound Closure

Once the implant is secured and symmetry is verified, the incisions are closed. Intraoral incisions are sutured with absorbable stitches that dissolve on their own and do not require removal.

External incisions (like under the chin) are closed with fine sutures to minimize scarring. A multi-layer closure is often used to bring the muscle and tissue back together over the implant before closing the skin. This ensures the implant remains well-covered and protected.

  • Closure of intraoral wounds with absorbable sutures
  • Meticulous repair of mucosal layers
  • Fine suturing for external skin incisions
  • Multi-layer closure for implant coverage
  • Verification of hemostasis before closure

Immediate Post-Operative Phase

After surgery, the patient is moved to the recovery room. A compression garment or tape dressing is applied to the face. This dressing helps to minimize swelling and holds the soft tissue in place over the new implant.

Ice packs are applied immediately to reduce edema. Patients are monitored until they are alert and stable. Pain is generally moderate and managed with prescribed analgesics. Antibiotics are administered to prevent infection, a critical step for any implant surgery.

  • Application of compressive facial dressings
  • Immediate icing protocols for edema
  • Monitoring of the airway and stability
  • Management of pain with oral medication
  • Initiation of prophylactic antibiotic therapy

The First 48 Hours

The first two days involve the most significant swelling and discomfort. Swelling tends to peak around 48 hours post-surgery. Patients are instructed to keep their head elevated at a 45-degree angle at all times, including during sleep, to promote fluid drainage.

A liquid or soft diet is strictly enforced for patients with intraoral incisions to avoid stressing the wounds or trapping food particles. Oral hygiene rinses (often chlorhexidine) are used frequently to keep the mouth clean without vigorous brushing.

  • Peak swelling and bruising period
  • Strict head elevation protocols
  • Adherence to a liquid or soft diet
  • Frequent use of antiseptic mouth rinses
  • Restriction of jaw movement and talking

Managing Swelling and Bruising

Facial implants can cause significant bruising that may migrate down the neck due to gravity. This is normal. Swelling can temporarily distort facial features, often making the implant appear too large or asymmetrical initially.

Patients are reassured that this distortion is temporary. Continued use of cold compresses for the first 72 hours helps. After that, warm compresses may be used to help clear the bruising. Arnica Montana supplements are often recommended to speed up bruise resolution.

  • Expectation of bruising migration
  • Temporary distortion of facial features
  • Transition from cold to warm compresses
  • Use of Arnica Montana for bruising
  • Patience with asymmetrical swelling

Nerve Recovery and Sensation

Numbness is a common side effect, particularly in the chin and lower lip after chin or jaw surgery. This is due to the stretching of the sensory nerves during pocket creation. It is usually temporary.

Sensation typically returns gradually over weeks to months. Patients may experience tingling, itching, or “electric shock” sensations as the nerves heal. Permanent numbness is a rare complication, but a risk that patients are monitored for during follow-ups.

  • Temporary numbness (paresthesia) of lips/chin
  • Stretching of sensory nerves during dissection
  • Gradual return of sensation over months
  • Experience of neural regeneration signs (tingling)
  • Monitoring for permanent sensory deficits

Dietary Restrictions and Oral Hygiene

For intraoral incisions, the diet advances from liquids to soft foods (mashed potatoes, yogurt, eggs) over the first week. Crunchy, complex, or spicy foods are avoided to prevent injury to the incision line.

Oral hygiene is critical to prevent infection. Patients must rinse their mouths after every meal. Toothbrushing is reintroduced gently, avoiding the incision sites. Water flosser devices are strictly prohibited initially, as they can force bacteria into the healing wound.

  • Progression from liquid to soft diet
  • Avoidance of hard, sharp, or spicy foods
  • Mandatory rinsing after all oral intake
  • Gentle toothbrushing, avoiding incisions
  • Prohibition of water flosser devices

Activity Restrictions

Physical activity is restricted to prevent a rise in blood pressure, which can cause bleeding or increased swelling. Heavy lifting, bending over, and strenuous exercise are avoided for at least 2-3 weeks.

Contact sports are restricted for an extended period, typically 6-8 weeks, to allow the implant to bond firmly to the bone and the capsule to form. Any blow to the face during the early healing phase could shift the implant.

  • Avoidance of blood pressure elevation
  • Restriction of heavy lifting and bending
  • Prohibition of strenuous exercise (2-3 weeks)
  • Long-term restriction of contact sports (6-8 weeks)
  • Protection of the implant from impact

Follow-Up and Monitoring

The first follow-up appointment usually occurs within 5-7 days. External sutures are removed at this time. The surgeon checks for signs of infection, such as excessive redness, heat, or purulent drainage.

Implant position is verified. The surgeon monitors the resolution of swelling and nerve function. Sequential appointments over the next few months track the long-term healing and the soft-tissue settling around the implant.

  • Removal of external sutures (5-7 days)
  • Inspection for signs of infection
  • Verification of implant stability and position
  • Monitoring of nerve function recovery
  • Long-term tracking of aesthetic outcome

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How much pain will I be in?

Pain is generally moderate and well-controlled with medication. Most patients describe it as a feeling of tight pressure or deep aching rather than sharp pain. The jaw area can be particularly sore and stiff.

You can usually start eating soft, solid foods (like pasta or soft chicken) after the first week. You should avoid anything tough, crunchy, or chewy (like steak or nuts) for about 3-4 weeks to let the incisions heal fully.

Yes, facial implants cause significant swelling. You may look like you have “chipmunk cheeks” or a massive chin for the first week or two. The majority of swelling resolves within 2 weeks, but subtle swelling persists for months.

Yes, you can talk, but it may be uncomfortable due to swelling and stiffness. It is best to minimize talking for the first few days to rest the jaw and chin area and allow the intraoral stitches to remain undisturbed.

You will be prescribed a special medicated mouthwash (usually Peridex/Chlorhexidine). You must gently swish this around your mouth after every time you eat or drink anything other than water to keep the bacteria count low.

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