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Impetigo is a common, highly contagious, superficial bacterial skin infection, primarily affecting infants and children, though adults with broken skin can also be affected. It’s defined by localized bacterial invasion through minor skin breaks, creating distinctive lesions.
There are two main forms: non-bullous impetigo (most common), characterized by small blisters that rupture to form honey-colored crusts, and bullous impetigo, featuring larger, intact fluid-filled blisters.
The infection most often appears on the face and exposed body areas. Due to its superficial and often itchy nature, scratching easily spreads the bacteria. Transmission occurs via direct skin-to-skin contact or contaminated objects (towels, bedding). Its contagious nature leads to frequent outbreaks in close-contact settings.
Early recognition and treatment are crucial for resolution and preventing further spread. Impetigo highlights the importance of the skin’s barrier function; when compromised, common bacteria can cause visible infection. It is a predictable condition requiring appropriate concern, not alarm.
Impetigo is a superficial bacterial infection of the skin that produces distinctive crusted or blistering lesions.
In dermatology, impetigo refers to an infection limited to the outer layers of the skin, typically involving the epidermis. The bacteria multiply on the skin surface and within shallow breaks, leading to inflammation and the formation of blisters or crusts.
Key defining features include
• Superficial skin involvement
• Rapid development of visible lesions
• Minimal risk of scarring with proper care
• High potential for person-to-person spread
This definition helps differentiate impetigo from deeper skin infections.
Clinical classification is based on lesion appearance.
Non-bullous impetigo is the most common form and often begins as small red spots or pustules that rupture quickly. These lesions then develop thick, yellowish or honey-colored crusts that adhere to the skin.
Bullous impetigo presents with larger, fluid-filled blisters that may remain intact for a longer period. These blisters eventually rupture, leaving shallow erosions. This form is more commonly seen in younger children and infants.
Age-related factors play an important role.
Children are more prone to impetigo because their skin barrier is still developing and they are more likely to have minor skin injuries. Close physical contact, shared objects, and frequent touching of the face further increase risk.
Transmission is a key characteristic.
Impetigo spreads easily through
• Direct skin contact with lesions
• Contact with contaminated items
• Scratching and touching affected areas
This contagious nature explains the importance of early management and hygiene measures.
Impetigo highlights the relationship between skin integrity and infection. Maintaining healthy skin and promptly addressing minor injuries can reduce the likelihood of infection developing. While impetigo is usually mild, its visibility and contagiousness make proper identification and treatment essential in dermatologic care.
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Is impetigo contagious?
Yes, it spreads easily through skin contact.
No, adults can also develop impetigo.
It usually heals without scarring when treated properly.
Yes, the main types are non-bullous and bullous impetigo.
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