Hematology focuses on diseases of the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system. Learn about the diagnosis and treatment of anemia, leukemia, and lymphoma.
Send us all your questions or requests, and our expert team will assist you.
The treatment of lymphoma is one of the great success stories of modern oncology. Many forms of lymphoma, even in advanced stages, are highly treatable and curable. The therapeutic approach is highly personalized, depending on whether the lymphoma is Hodgkin or Non Hodgkin, indolent or aggressive, and the stage of the disease. At Liv Hospital, we utilize the latest protocols, including immunotherapy and targeted agents, to maximize cure rates while minimizing long term toxicity.
Chemotherapy remains the backbone of lymphoma treatment. It involves using powerful drugs to kill rapidly dividing cancer cells throughout the body.
This is the standard for Hodgkin Lymphoma. It includes Adriamycin, Bleomycin, Vinblastine, and Dacarbazine. It is usually given in cycles every two weeks.
This is the gold standard for Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (NHL). It combines Rituximab (immunotherapy) with Cyclophosphamide, Doxorubicin, Vincristine, and Prednisone (a steroid).
Most chemotherapy is delivered intravenously (IV) through a port or PICC line to spare the veins. Cycles are spaced out to allow healthy cells to recover.
These treatments target specific parts of the cancer cells without harming normal cells as much as chemotherapy.
Rituximab is the most famous example. It is an antibody that attaches to the CD20 protein found on the surface of B cells. Once attached, it flags the cell for destruction by the patient’s own immune system. It has revolutionized the treatment of B cell lymphomas.
These are “smart bombs.” An antibody is attached to a chemotherapy drug. The antibody guides the drug directly to the lymphoma cell, where it enters and releases the poison inside. Brentuximab vedotin is used for Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Drugs like Nivolumab or Pembrolizumab take the “brakes” off the immune system (T cells), allowing them to recognize and attack the lymphoma cells. This is often used in relapsed Hodgkin Lymphoma.
Radiation uses high energy X rays to kill cancer cells in a specific area.
Modern radiation targets only the affected lymph nodes with a small margin, sparing nearby healthy organs like the heart and lungs.
It is often used after chemotherapy to kill any remaining cells (consolidation) or as the primary treatment for early stage, localized indolent lymphoma.
This is a groundbreaking treatment available for aggressive lymphomas that have failed other treatments.
T cells are collected from the patient’s blood. In a laboratory, they are genetically modified to produce a specific receptor (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) on their surface. These supercharged T cells are then infused back into the patient, where they hunt down and destroy the lymphoma cells.
CAR T cells can persist in the body for years, providing long term surveillance against cancer recurrence.
High dose chemotherapy can kill lymphoma cells but also destroys the bone marrow. Transplants allow doctors to use higher doses.
The patient’s own stem cells are collected before high dose chemotherapy. After the chemo destroys the cancer (and the marrow), the stem cells are returned to the body to reboot blood production. This is common for relapsed lymphoma.
Stem cells are taken from a healthy donor (sibling or matched unrelated donor). This provides a new immune system that can fight the lymphoma (Graft versus Lymphoma effect). This is riskier and used for harder to treat cases.
For some slow growing (indolent) lymphomas like Follicular Lymphoma, immediate treatment offers no survival benefit and causes unnecessary side effects.
Patients are monitored with regular exams and blood tests. Treatment is only started if symptoms develop or the disease begins to progress rapidly.
Managing the toxicity of treatment is a priority.
Growth factors (like G CSF) are given to boost white blood cell counts and prevent infection.
Modern anti emetics are highly effective at preventing nausea.
When aggressive lymphoma cells die quickly, they release toxins into the blood. Patients receive extra fluids and medication (Allopurinol) to protect the kidneys.
Send us all your questions or requests, and our expert team will assist you.
A urologist is a surgeon trained to treat conditions of the urinary tract in both men and women. A urogynecologist has specific training in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery, focusing on conditions like bladder prolapse and female incontinence.
The bladder lining (urothelium) has a high regenerative capacity and heals quickly after minor trauma or infection. However, the muscle layer (detrusor) does not regenerate well. If the muscle is damaged by chronic overdistention or fibrosis, the loss of function is often permanent.
Yes, psychological stress can exacerbate bladder symptoms. The bladder has many nerve receptors sensitive to stress hormones. “Stress incontinence” refers to physical pressure (coughing/sneezing), but anxiety can trigger “urgency” and frequency, mimicking Overactive Bladder symptoms.
Yes, the bladder’s functional capacity tends to decrease with age. Furthermore, the elasticity of the bladder wall reduces, and the kidneys produce more urine at night (nocturnal polyuria), leading to increased nighttime urination in older adults.
Neurogenic bladder is a term used when the nerve control of the bladder is disrupted due to a brain, spinal cord, or nerve condition (like diabetes or MS). This can cause the bladder to either be unable to hold urine (incontinence) or unable to empty it (retention).
Your Comparison List (you must select at least 2 packages)
