Spinal Cord Treatment and Rehabilitation focused on restoring function, supporting recovery, and improving mobility through personalized care programs

Discover treatment options including the spinal cord stimulator and surgery. Learn about rehabilitation therapies and the cost of care for spinal conditions.

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Treatment and Rehabilitation

What is Spinal Cord Treatment?

Treatment for spinal cord disorders focuses on relieving pressure, stabilizing the spine, and managing symptoms. The goal is to preserve function and prevent further damage. Treatment is highly individualized based on the cause, severity, and location of the problem.

Approaches include:

  • Medical management with drugs
  • Surgical intervention to decompress
  • Implantation of devices for pain
  • Physical and occupational rehabilitation
  • Investigational therapies like stem cells
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Who Needs Spinal Cord Treatment?

Spinal Cord

Anyone with progressive neurological deficits needs treatment. If a patient is losing strength, sensation, or bowel control, immediate intervention is usually required. Pain that does not respond to conservative care is also a reason for treatment.

Candidates include:

  • Trauma victims with unstable fractures
  • Patients with tumors compressing the cord
  • Individuals with severe spinal stenosis
  • Chronic pain patients failing other therapies
  • Those with infection or abscess
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Surgical Decompression

Neurorehabilitation Strategies

When the spinal cord is compressed by bone or disc, surgery is often necessary. The procedure removes the structure that is pressing on the cord. This stops the mechanical damage and allows for the potential of recovery.

Common procedures:

  • Laminectomy removing the back part of the vertebra
  • Discectomy removing a herniated disc
  • Corpectomy removing the entire vertebral body
  • Tumor resection removing growths
  • Hematoma evacuation removing blood clots

Spinal Fusion

Spinal fusion is a surgery to connect two or more vertebrae permanently. It eliminates motion between them. This is often done after a decompression surgery to restore stability to the spinal column.

The process involves:

  • Using bone grafts to bridge the gap
  • Placing metal screws and rods for support
  • Allowing bone to grow together over months
  • Preventing painful movement of bones
  • Restoring proper alignment of the spine

Spinal Cord Stimulator

A spinal cord stimulator is an implanted device that sends low levels of electricity directly into the spinal cord to relieve pain. It is often used for people with chronic pain who have failed other treatments. It acts as a pacemaker for pain.

How it works:

  • Electrodes are placed in the epidural space
  • A generator is implanted under the skin
  • Electrical pulses mask pain signals
  • Patients control the device with a remote
  • A trial run is done before permanent implantation

Corticosteroids and Acute Care

In the event of an acute spinal cord injury, immediate medical care is critical. High dose corticosteroids were historically used to reduce swelling, though their use is now debated and case specific. Maintaining blood pressure is vital to ensure the cord gets oxygen.

Acute measures:

  • Immobilizing the spine with a collar or board
  • Managing breathing sometimes with a ventilator
  • Using medications to maintain blood pressure
  • Preventing complications like blood clots
  • Early surgery to stabilize fractures
spinal cord

Physical Therapy For Spinal Cord Disorders

Physical therapy is the cornerstone of recovery. Therapists work to strengthen remaining muscles and teach new ways to move. The brain and spinal cord have some plasticity, meaning they can relearn pathways with repetitive practice.

Therapy goals:

  • Strengthening unaffected muscles
  • Maintaining range of motion in paralyzed limbs
  • Learning transfer techniques like bed to chair
  • Gait training for those with incomplete injury
  • Managing spasticity and stiffness

Occupational Therapy For Spinal Cord

Occupational therapy focuses on the activities of daily living. While physical therapy focuses on moving, occupational therapy focuses on doing. They help patients regain independence in eating, dressing, and bathing.

Interventions include:

  • Teaching how to use adaptive equipment
  • Modifying the home environment for safety
  • Relearning fine motor skills
  • Strategies for bowel and bladder management
  • Returning to work or school skills

Robotic Rehabilitation

Modern technology has revolutionized spinal cord rehabilitation. Robotic exoskeletons and body weight support systems allow patients to stand and walk sooner than ever before. This repetitive motion stimulates the nervous system.

Technologies used:

  • Exoskeletons that strap onto legs
  • Treadmill training with body weight support
  • Functional electrical stimulation for muscles
  • Virtual reality for balance training
  • Brain computer interfaces in research

Cost of Treatment

The cost of treating spinal cord disorders is significant. It varies globally based on the healthcare system and the complexity of the care. Surgery, hospitalization, and lifelong rehabilitation contribute to the expense.

Global cost estimates:

  • Spinal surgery can range from 20000 to 100000 USD
  • Spinal cord stimulator implantation is approximately 30000 to 50000 USD
  • Rehabilitation stays can cost thousands per day
  • Lifetime care for injury can be millions
  • Costs are lower in medical tourism hubs

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What is the golden window for spinal surgery?

Evidence suggests that decomposing the spinal cord within the first 24 hours after a traumatic injury offers the best chance for neurological recovery.

Currently, stem cell therapy is experimental; while showing promise in research for regenerating tissue, there is no FDA approved stem cell cure for spinal cord injury yet.

It is a small device implanted under the skin of the abdomen that delivers muscle relaxant directly into the spinal fluid, controlling spasticity with smaller doses than pills.

Yes, Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) uses sticky pads on the skin to send electricity into the muscles, making them contract to pedal a bike or grasp objects.

Prognosis depends on the completeness of the injury; many people with incomplete injuries regain the ability to walk, while those with complete injuries typically rely on wheelchairs for mobility.

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