
Leukemia has sadly taken the lives of many famous people, like Nora Ephron and Rich Cronin. Their stories show how urgent it is to find better treatments and care. Recently, social media star Paola Caldera died just months after being diagnosed with leukemia.
At LIV Hospital, we aim to give top-notch healthcare to patients from around the world. Our goal is to offer the latest medical treatments and support. We want to help more people fight leukemia and share their stories of strength and hope.
Key Takeaways
- Leukemia has affected numerous high-profile individuals, highlighting the disease’s reach and impact.
- LIV Hospital is dedicated to providing comprehensive healthcare for international patients.
- The rising incidence of leukemia shows we need better treatments and care.
- Advanced medical treatments and support services are key in fighting leukemia.
- Learning from famous leukemia patients can give us important insights into the disease.
The Nature of Blood Cancers: Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma
It’s important to know about blood cancers like leukemia and multiple myeloma. They affect the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic system. This can lead to serious health problems and death worldwide.
How Leukemia Affects the Body
Leukemia starts in the bone marrow and spreads to the blood and other parts of the body. It messes up the production of blood cells. This can cause anemia, infections, and bleeding.
Leukemia causes about 24,000 deaths each year in the U.S. It’s a big health issue.
The disease fills the bone marrow with bad cells. These cells then get into the blood. Symptoms include tiredness, weight loss, and infections.
Types of Leukemia: AML, ALL, CML, and CLL
There are different types of leukemia, each with its own traits and outlook.
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): This leukemia grows fast and needs quick treatment.
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL): Common in kids, ALL grows quickly but can be treated with chemo.
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML): This leukemia grows slowly and can be managed with special drugs.
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Often found by chance, CLL can stay without symptoms for years.
|
Type of Leukemia |
Characteristics |
Common Symptoms |
|---|---|---|
|
AML |
Rapidly progressing, affects myeloid cells |
Fatigue, infections, bleeding |
|
ALL |
Fast-growing, affects lymphoblasts |
Bone pain, fatigue, infections |
|
CML |
Slow-progressing, affects myeloid cells |
Fatigue, weight loss, enlarged spleen |
|
CLL |
Often asymptomatic, affects lymphocytes |
Swollen lymph nodes, fatigue |
Distinguishing Multiple Myeloma from Leukemia
Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. It’s different from leukemia, which involves white blood cells. Multiple myeloma causes bone damage and anemia because of the bad plasma cells.
Both conditions are serious and need quick medical help. But they need different treatments. Knowing the difference is key to better care and results for patients.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): The Deadliest Form
AML is a very aggressive leukemia with high death rates. It’s known for the fast growth of abnormal cells in the bone marrow. These cells stop normal blood cells from being made.
Why AML Has High Mortality Rates
Several reasons make AML deadly. It’s often found late, making treatment hard. Also, it mostly hits older adults, who might have other health issues.
AML grows fast if not treated right away. It’s also hard to fight with some treatments. The disease’s many genetic changes make finding a single treatment hard.
Current Statistics on AML in the United States
AML numbers in the U.S. are alarming. It’s a big part of leukemia cases and deaths. We look at the latest numbers to grasp how big this problem is.
|
Year |
New Cases |
Deaths |
Survival Rate (5-year) |
|---|---|---|---|
|
2018 |
19,520 |
11,140 |
40.7% |
|
2019 |
20,830 |
11,540 |
41.2% |
|
2020 |
21,450 |
12,060 |
42.1% |
Nora Ephron, a famous filmmaker, fought AML. She was diagnosed in 2006 and passed in 2012 after six years. Her story shows the disease’s unpredictability and the need for better treatments.
Knowing AML’s stats and challenges is key to finding better treatments. With ongoing research, there’s hope for better survival rates for AML patients.
Nora Ephron: The Renowned Filmmaker’s Secret Battle
Nora Ephron was a famous filmmaker and writer. She left a lasting impact on the entertainment world before her death in 2012. Known for her sharp wit and insightful stories, her work inspires many today.
A Legacy in Film and Literature
Ephron’s career was filled with achievements. She started as a journalist and later became a successful screenwriter and director. Her famous works include:
- Sleepless in Seattle (1993)
- When Harry Met Sally (1989)
- Julie & Julia (2009)
These films showed her talent and ability to connect with audiences worldwide. Her essays and books also made her a versatile writer.
Diagnosis and Six-Year Fight Against AML
In 2006, Ephron was diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML). This changed her life. Despite the challenges, she fought AML for six years, working on projects she loved.
Her fight with AML was private but deeply affected her. It influenced her writing and filmmaking, adding depth and perspective.
Her Legacy in Entertainment and Cancer Awareness
Nora Ephron’s legacy goes beyond her films and writings. Her brave fight with AML and her work in cancer awareness inspire many. Through her strength and resilience, she made a lasting impact on the entertainment world and cancer community.
We remember Nora Ephron for her achievements and her courage. Her story inspires us to support cancer research and awareness.
Rich Cronin: LFO Singer Gone Too Soon
Rich Cronin, the charismatic frontman of LFO, left a lasting mark on music before his death from AML. As a key member of a top boy band in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Cronin’s voice and charm won fans worldwide.
Rise to Fame with “Summer Girls”
LFO’s hit “Summer Girls” became a hit for a generation, topping charts in 1999. The song’s success made the band famous globally, thanks to Cronin’s unique voice and stage presence. The band’s success wasn’t just from “Summer Girls”; they released many albums and toured, gaining a dedicated fan base.
“‘Summer Girls’ was more than a song; it was a cultural phenomenon,” capturing the essence of a carefree summer. Its catchy tune and memorable lyrics made it a key part of late 90s pop culture.
Diagnosis, Treatment, and Multiple Relapses
In 2009, Rich Cronin was diagnosed with Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), shocking fans and the music world. Cronin went through tough treatments like chemotherapy and a bone marrow transplant to fight the disease. Despite early hopes, Cronin faced many relapses, showing how tough AML is to treat.
Cronin’s fight with AML had ups and downs, with fans closely following his journey through updates and support. His bravery inspired many, raising awareness about living with leukemia.
Impact of His Death on Fans and Leukemia Awareness
Rich Cronin died on September 8, 2010, at 36, leaving fans and a legacy that continues to inspire. His death highlighted the need for more research into AML and blood cancers treatments. Tributes and condolences from fans and artists showed Cronin’s impact on those around him.
“Rich Cronin was a talented artist and a courageous fighter. His legacy lives on through his music and the countless lives he touched.”
Rich Cronin’s story is a poignant reminder of life’s fragility and the need for cancer research and awareness. Remembering his music and bravery, we see the ongoing need for better leukemia treatments.
Mary Travers: Folk Music Icon Lost to Leukemia
Mary Travers was a key figure in the 1960s folk music revival. She left a lasting impact on American music before her death in 2009. As part of Peter, Paul and Mary, she brought harmony and social awareness to the scene.
Influence on American Music
Peter, Paul and Mary’s music was simple, harmonious, and focused on social justice. Hits like “Puff, the Magic Dragon” and “If I Had a Hammer” became anthems of the 1960s. Mary Travers’ powerful voice was a key to their success, making them popular across America.
Their songs reflected the 1960s’ cultural and political changes. They played a big role in shaping the era’s music. Their songs talked about peace, civil rights, and change, touching a generation looking to make a difference.
|
Song Title |
Release Year |
Notable For |
|---|---|---|
|
Puff, the Magic Dragon |
1963 |
Storytelling, nostalgia |
|
If I Had a Hammer |
1962 |
Civil Rights Movement anthem |
|
Leaving on a Jet Plane |
1969 |
Emotional ballad, anti-war sentiment |
Public Battle with Leukemia
In 2005, Mary Travers was diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Her fight with the disease was public, raising awareness about leukemia. Despite treatment, including a bone marrow transplant, she faced many relapses, showing the tough fight against AML.
“Mary Travers’ courage in the face of illness inspired many, and her legacy continues to be felt in the music world.”
Complications Leading to Her Death
In 2009, Mary Travers died from leukemia complications. Her death was due to her AML treatment and the disease’s progression. It highlighted the need for better leukemia treatments and support for patients.
We honor Mary Travers’ music and her bravery against leukemia. Her legacy reminds us of the need for medical research and care for blood cancer patients.
Royana Black: Broadway Actress’s Fight with AML
Royana Black was a talented Broadway actress who left a lasting impact before her death from AML. Her career shone brightly on stage and screen. Her legacy inspires those who knew her work and story.
Early Broadway Success and Television Career
Royana Black started her career in performing arts with passion. She became a well-known figure on Broadway. Her talent and hard work led to various roles, showing her versatility.
She also appeared on TV, reaching more people. This expanded her influence in the entertainment world.
Her early success and TV career showed her talent. It made her a beloved figure in theater.
Her Sudden Death in 2020 from Leukemia Complications
The news of Royana Black’s death in 2020 shocked the theater world. Fans and colleagues mourned the loss of a gifted actress. She bravely fought AML, a tough form of leukemia.
Despite her medical team’s efforts, AML complications took her life. Her death highlighted AML’s unpredictability and the need for more research.
Remembrances from the Theater Community
After Royana Black’s passing, the theater community remembered her. Colleagues and fans shared their memories. They celebrated her talent, spirit, and impact.
These remembrances showed the lasting legacy she left. Reflecting on Royana Black’s life and career reminds us to support leukemia patients. We must also continue to seek better treatments for this disease.
Famous People with Multiple Myeloma: Another Deadly Blood Cancer

Multiple myeloma is a cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. It has touched the lives of many famous people. This blood cancer can cause bone pain, anemia, and infections. Their stories have helped raise awareness and encourage others to seek help.
Tom Brokaw: Journalist Living with Multiple Myeloma
Tom Brokaw, a famous journalist, was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. Despite his health issues, he continues to work. His story shows the importance of early detection and new treatments.
“I’ve been fortunate to have had a career that’s been full of excitement and challenge, and now I’m facing a new challenge with multiple myeloma,”
Tom Brokaw
Brokaw’s openness about his condition has helped a lot. It encourages others to be proactive about their health.
Geraldine Ferraro: Politician’s 12-Year Battle
Geraldine Ferraro was a pioneering politician who fought multiple myeloma for 12 years. Her courage and determination have inspired many. She worked hard to raise awareness about the disease.
Ferraro’s long fight with multiple myeloma showed how the disease can vary. It highlights the need for ongoing medical care. Her legacy goes beyond politics to include her fight against cancer.
Roy Scheider: Actor’s Fight with Multiple Myeloma
Roy Scheider, known for “Jaws,” battled multiple myeloma. His story shows the challenges patients face and the need for better treatments.
Though Scheider lost his fight, his story brought attention to the disease. It shows the impact on patients and their families.
Don Baylor: Baseball Star’s Multiple Myeloma Journey
Don Baylor, a former baseball player and manager, was diagnosed with multiple myeloma. His public battle raised awareness in sports and beyond.
Baylor’s journey highlights the need for support from loved ones and doctors. His legacy in baseball continues, inspiring others facing similar battles.
The stories of famous people with multiple myeloma remind us of the disease’s importance. They encourage awareness, early detection, and research. Their experiences help us understand multiple myeloma better and motivate us to be proactive about our health.
Other Notable Figures Who Succumbed to Leukemia
Leukemia has taken the lives of many notable individuals across various fields. It has left behind a legacy that continues to inspire. People from all walks of life, including celebrities and historical figures, have been affected. Their contributions to society are remembered today.
Entertainment Industry Personalities
The entertainment industry has lost several talented individuals to leukemia. Some notable examples include:
- Alan Freed: Known as the “Father of Rock and Roll,” Alan Freed was a disc jockey who played a significant role in popularizing rock music. He died of leukemia in 1965.
- Marilyn Monroe’s Leukemia Misdiagnosis: Marilyn Monroe died from an overdose of barbiturates. There was speculation about her health issues, but some sources incorrectly speculated about leukemia.
- Joe Farrell: An American jazz trombonist, Joe Farrell passed away due to complications from leukemia.
Political and Historical Figures
Leukemia has also claimed the lives of several political and historical figures. Their contributions to society are remembered today.
- Robert F. Kennedy’s Children: While not a public figure himself dying from leukemia, Robert F. Kennedy’s family was touched by the disease. His son David Kennedy died of a drug overdose but had health issues. Another son, Max Kennedy, doesn’t have a public leukemia diagnosis, but the family has been involved in various health awareness efforts.
- Historical Figures and Leukemia: Historical records show that leukemia has affected people throughout history. Specific cases among well-known historical figures might not always be widely documented or confirmed.
These individuals, among many others, have left an indelible mark on their respective fields. Their stories remind us of the importance of continued research into leukemia and other cancers. They also highlight the need for support for those affected by these diseases.
Celebrities Living with Chronic Leukemias
Leukemia often gets attention when it hits famous people. But some stars are bravely living with chronic forms of the disease. Chronic leukemias, like CLL and CML, need ongoing care and treatment. Celebrities speaking out helps raise awareness and fights stigma.
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar’s Journey with CML
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, the basketball legend, has talked openly about his CML diagnosis. His story shows how key early detection and treatment are. Abdul-Jabbar’s openness has inspired others to get tested and seek medical help.
CML is a cancer that affects white blood cells and grows slowly. Thanks to new treatments, patients now have better chances of recovery.
|
Year |
Event |
Impact |
|---|---|---|
|
2007 |
Kareem Abdul-Jabbar diagnosed with CML |
Raised awareness about CML |
|
2010s |
Advancements in CML treatment |
Improved patient outcomes |
|
Present |
Ongoing management and research |
Continued hope for CML patients |
Michael C. Hall’s Experience with Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
Michael C. Hall, known for “Dexter,” has talked about his Hodgkin’s lymphoma battle. His story highlights the power of resilience and medical progress in fighting cancer.
Hodgkin’s lymphoma, though different from leukemia, shares some treatment methods. Hall’s openness has supported others facing similar challenges.
How Celebrity Diagnoses Raise Public Awareness
Celebrities sharing their health battles brings attention to their conditions. For chronic leukemias, this spotlight can lead to more understanding and support.
Celebrity diagnoses can motivate people to learn about these diseases, get tested, and support research. By sharing their stories, celebrities make these diseases more relatable and build a supportive community.
The Final Stages: How Leukemia Leads to Death
Leukemia can cause severe problems as it gets worse. It’s a cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. Knowing about these final stages helps in giving the right care and support.
Common Complications in Advanced Leukemia

In its late stages, leukemia can lead to serious health issues. Some common problems include:
- Infections due to a weakened immune system
- Anemia and related symptoms such as fatigue and weakness
- Bleeding disorders resulting from low platelet counts
- Organ failure, mainly affecting the kidneys and liver
These issues can greatly affect a patient’s life quality. It’s important to manage them well to keep patients comfortable and dignified.
|
Complication |
Description |
Management Approach |
|---|---|---|
|
Infections |
Weakened immune system makes patients susceptible to infections |
Prophylactic antibiotics, isolation techniques |
|
Anemia |
Low red blood cell count leading to fatigue and weakness |
Blood transfusions, erythropoiesis-stimulating agents |
|
Bleeding Disorders |
Low platelet count causing bleeding issues |
Platelet transfusions, medications to promote clotting |
|
Organ Failure |
Leukemia infiltration into organs like kidneys and liver |
Supportive care, dialysis, or other organ-specific treatments |
End-of-Life Care for Leukemia Patients
End-of-life care is vital for managing advanced leukemia. It aims to ease symptoms, pain, and stress. The goal is to enhance the quality of life for patients and their families.
Key components of end-of-life care include:
- Pain management through medication and other interventions
- Emotional and spiritual support for patients and their families
- Assistance with decision-making regarding treatment options
- Coordination of care among healthcare providers
By focusing on end-of-life care, healthcare providers can offer compassionate and thorough support in the final stages.
Breakthrough Treatments Offer New Hope
LIV Hospital leads in treating leukemia and multiple myeloma with the latest medical science. We focus on innovative, ethical, and team-based healthcare. This approach gives patients top-notch treatment options for blood cancers.
Targeted Therapies Revolutionizing Blood Cancer Treatment
Targeted therapies are key in fighting leukemia and multiple myeloma. They aim at cancer cells, protecting healthy ones and cutting down side effects. For example, tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have changed CML treatment by targeting the BCR-ABL protein.
Targeted therapies offer:
- More effective treatment with less harm
- Custom plans based on genetic tests
- A way to beat resistance to old treatments
Immunotherapy Approaches for Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma
Immunotherapy is a new hope for blood cancer patients. It uses the immune system to fight cancer, even when old treatments fail. CAR-T cell therapy, for instance, modifies T cells to attack cancer cells.
Immunotherapy includes:
- CAR-T cell therapy for hard-to-treat leukemia and multiple myeloma
- Monoclonal antibodies targeting cancer markers
- Cancer vaccines to stop cancer from coming back
Bone Marrow Transplantation Advancements
Bone marrow transplantation is a key treatment for many blood cancer patients. New techniques, better donor matching, and care after transplant have made it safer and more effective.
|
Advancements |
Benefits |
|---|---|
|
Improved donor matching techniques |
Less risk of GVHD |
|
Enhanced post-transplant care |
Handling complications and infections better |
|
Alternative donor sources (e.g., haploidentical donors) |
More donors for patients without matched siblings |
At LIV Hospital, we aim to offer the best care with the latest treatments. Our team works with patients to create treatment plans that meet their needs.
The Role of Cancer Centers in Fighting Blood Cancers
Cancer centers play a key role in treating blood cancers. They use a team approach and have the latest technology. This ensures patients get the best care from start to finish.
Leading Institutions for Leukemia Treatment
Many cancer centers worldwide are top in leukemia treatment. They use new treatments like targeted and immunotherapies. This helps fight this tough disease.
Some top places include:
- MD Anderson Cancer Center
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute
These centers not only treat patients but also do important research. This research helps improve leukemia treatment.
|
Institution |
Location |
Specialties |
|---|---|---|
|
MD Anderson Cancer Center |
Houston, TX |
AML, ALL, CML, CLL treatments |
|
Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center |
New York, NY |
Targeted therapies, CAR T-cell therapy |
|
Dana-Farber Cancer Institute |
Boston, MA |
Immunotherapy, bone marrow transplantation |
LIV Hospital’s Multidisciplinary Approach to Blood Cancers
LIV Hospital is known for its detailed treatment of blood cancers. They have a team of experts like hematologists and oncologists. This team makes sure each patient gets a treatment plan that fits them.
Their approach includes:
- Advanced diagnostic techniques
- State-of-the-art treatment options
- Supportive care services
This team effort is key in handling blood cancers. It helps improve patient results.
Accessing Specialized Care and Clinical Trials
Getting to specialized care and clinical trials is important for blood cancer patients. Cancer centers let patients join clinical trials. This gives them access to new treatments.
Patients can find these services by:
- Consulting with their healthcare provider
- Contacting cancer centers directly
- Reviewing clinical trial databases
Using these resources helps patients get the latest care. This boosts their chances of successful treatment.
Global Impact: Rising Incidence of Blood Cancers
The world is seeing more cases of leukemia and multiple myeloma. We need to understand who gets these diseases and why. Looking at the global rise in blood cancers, we see many factors at play. These include changes in the population, environmental factors, and differences in healthcare access.
Demographic Patterns in Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma
Leukemia and multiple myeloma show different patterns around the world. Some types of leukemia are more common in certain age groups or places. Knowing these patterns helps us target health efforts better.
Health statistics show that leukemia rates vary a lot. For example, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) hits kids hard, while Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) mostly affects adults.
|
Demographic Factor |
Leukemia Type |
Incidence Trend |
|---|---|---|
|
Age |
ALL |
Higher in children |
|
Age |
AML |
Increasing with age |
|
Geographic Region |
CML |
Varies globally |
|
Gender |
CLL |
More common in males |
Environmental Factors and Prevention Strategies
Environmental factors are key in the development of leukemia and multiple myeloma. Exposure to harmful chemicals, radiation, and other hazards can raise the risk of these cancers.
Preventing blood cancers is essential. We can do this by reducing exposure to harmful substances, living healthy, and making policies to protect the environment.
- Avoiding exposure to benzene and other toxic chemicals
- Reducing radiation exposure through safe practices
- Promoting awareness about the risks associated with certain environmental factors
Disparities in Treatment Access and Outcomes
There are big differences in getting and doing well with treatments for leukemia and multiple myeloma worldwide. These differences depend on money, healthcare, and where you live.
We need to tackle these disparities in many ways. This includes better healthcare, more access to new treatments, and supporting global health efforts.
Key strategies to address disparities include:
- Enhancing global health infrastructure
- Promoting access to clinical trials and innovative therapies
- Supporting health education and awareness programs
By understanding the global impact of rising blood cancer incidence and tackling the challenges, we can lessen the disease’s burden worldwide.
Conclusion: Honoring Those Lost While Advancing the Fight
We remember the lives of people like Nora Ephron, Rich Cronin, and Mary Travers who lost their battle with leukemia. Their stories remind us of the disease’s impact on families and communities. It shows us how leukemia affects us all.
At LIV Hospital, we’re dedicated to top-notch healthcare and pushing leukemia research forward. We aim to make treatments better and save more lives. Our goal is to make leukemia a treatable disease, not a death sentence.
We must keep talking about leukemia and its effects. We should also celebrate the bravery of those who fought it. This way, we honor those who lost their lives and inspire others to join the fight against leukemia.
FAQ
What are the different types of leukemia?
Leukemia includes Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML), Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL), Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML), and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL).
How does leukemia affect the body?
Leukemia makes the bone marrow produce bad white blood cells. This can cause anemia, infections, and bleeding problems.
What is multiple myeloma, and how is it different from leukemia?
Multiple myeloma is a blood cancer that affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. It’s different from leukemia because it targets different cells and has unique traits.
Which celebrities have died from leukemia?
Celebrities who died from leukemia include Nora Ephron, Rich Cronin, Mary Travers, and Royana Black.
Are there any famous people living with chronic leukemias?
Yes, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Michael C. Hall have shared their fights with chronic leukemias. They help raise awareness.
How does leukemia lead to death?
Leukemia can cause death through anemia, infections, bleeding, and organ failure. Advanced cases can lead to serious illness and death.
What are the latest treatments for leukemia and multiple myeloma?
New treatments include targeted therapies, immunotherapy, and bone marrow transplants. These offer hope for patients with these cancers.
How do cancer centers contribute to fighting blood cancers?
Places like LIV Hospital are key in treating blood cancers. They offer specialized care, treatments, and clinical trials.
What is the global impact of rising blood cancer incidence?
The increase in blood cancers is a big concern worldwide. It affects demographics, environment, and access to treatment.
Are there any notable figures who have battled multiple myeloma?
Yes, Tom Brokaw, Geraldine Ferraro, Roy Scheider, and Don Baylor have fought multiple myeloma. They help raise awareness about this deadly cancer.
References:
• Ranker. (n.d.). Famous people who died of leukemia. https://www.ranker.com/list/famous-people-who-died-of-leukemia/reference
• Healthline. (n.d.). Celebrities with acute myeloid leukemia. https://www.healthline.com/health/aml/celebrities-with-acute-myeloid-leukemia
• Healthgrades. (n.d.). Celebrities who have battled leukemia and lymphoma. https://resources.healthgrades.com/right-care/leukemia/celebrities-who-have-battled-leukemia-and-lymphoma
• American Cancer Society. (n.d.). Key statistics for leukemia. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/types/leukemia/about/key-statistics.html
• National Institutes of Health. (n.d.). Fewer adults with leukemia are dying from the disease due to better therapies. https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/fewer-adults-leukemia-are-dying-disease-due-better-therapies
• National Center for Biotechnology Information. (n.d.). Incidence of spinal disease and role of spinal radiotherapy in multiple myeloma. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6291270/.