Dissolvable stents, medical devices used to keep cardiac vessels open, have become increasingly common in recent years. Unlike traditional metal stents, dissolvable stents do not remain in the vessels permanently. They begin to dissolve after the first 6 months and are completely absorbed by the body over time, helping to preserve the natural structure of the cardiac vessels. Liv Hospital Cardiology Specialist Prof. Dr. Alp Burak Catakoglu explains the advantages of dissolvable stents.
What are the symptoms of vascular occlusion or narrowness?
When atherosclerotic plaque”composed of fat and calcium”builds up inside the coronary arteries, it can disrupt the blood supply to the heart muscle. This reduced blood flow may cause a variety of symptoms due to the heart muscle not getting enough oxygen. The most common symptom is a sensation of pressure or a punch-like pain in the center or left side of the chest, often described as tightness or compression. In some cases, pain may radiate to the jaw, back, or left arm. These symptoms can range from mild to severe. Many patients with cardiovascular disease may not experience these classic symptoms; sometimes, shortness of breath during exertion or unusual fatigue is the first sign. For some, the disease may progress silently, with a heart attack being the first indication. Severe chest tightness may also be accompanied by shortness of breath, cold sweat, or fainting. If any of these symptoms occur, it is crucial to seek immediate medical attention.
What happens if vascular occlusion is not treated?
According to World Health Organization (WHO) data, cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide. As coronary vessels narrow, the risk of heart attack or sudden death increases. Individuals with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, or a family history of these conditions may develop heart problems at a younger age and should be monitored more closely. Studies show that diabetic patients have a fourfold increased risk of heart attack. To minimize this risk, it is important to treat diabetic patients as cardiovascular patients from the start and to have their treatment regularly reviewed by a cardiologist. Early intervention can save lives after a heart attack, but without treatment, patients may die or suffer severe heart damage and develop heart failure. The primary goal is to diagnose cardiovascular disease at an early stage”before a heart attack occurs”and take necessary precautions.
What diseases does vascular occlusion cause?
Vascular occlusion can result in heart attacks, heart failure, arrhythmias, and even death. Fortunately, with today's advanced technology, vascular occlusion and stenosis can be detected early. Based on a patient's risk profile, cardiologists can initiate treatment at an early stage and use a variety of advanced testing methods to assess the severity of the disease.
In which situations can the dissolvable stent be used?
Dissolvable stents can be considered for almost all patients eligible for metal or drug-coated metal stents, and they offer added advantages for certain groups. They are especially recommended for first-time stent recipients and young patients, as dissolvable stents make future treatments in the same area easier. Patients likely to require repeat procedures may also benefit, since metal stents often require additional placements in cases of recurrent occlusion. Risk factors such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol, smoking, or a family history of heart disease increase the likelihood of repeat treatment.
For follow-up, coronary tomography”a non-invasive imaging technique”can be used with dissolvable stents instead of traditional angiography, improving patient comfort and safety. Dissolvable stents are also beneficial for patients with metal allergies and can be used in thin vessels or in long affected areas not suitable for bypass surgery.
What are the advantages of dissolvable stent?
The need for a stent in coronary vessels is typically short-term, making it unnecessary to leave the device in place after its job is done. Once a dissolvable stent is absorbed, the vessel regains its normal structure and function, allowing for future treatments without obstruction. If additional stenting or bypass surgery is needed, the area is easier to address. Patients also require blood thinner medications for a shorter period. Additionally, while metal stents prevent clear imaging with tomography, vessels with dissolvable stents can be monitored with coronary tomography, enhancing both quality of life and long-term patient care.
* Liv Hospital Editorial Board has contributed to the publication of this content .
* Contents of this page is for informational purposes only. Please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. The content of this page does not include information on medicinal health care at Liv Hospital .