Neurosurgery

Neurosurgery is the branch of medicine that provides surgical treatment for conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, and nerves, including brain tumors, aneurysms, herniated discs, and spinal cord injuries. It also covers some pituitary gland surgery, since the pituitary sits at the base of the brain.

This branch differs from Neurology mainly in approach: Neurology diagnoses and manages nervous system conditions primarily through medication and non-surgical care, while Neurosurgery is called on when a condition requires direct surgical intervention, such as removing a tumor, repairing a damaged disc, or relieving pressure on the brain or spinal cord. Many cases move between the two branches, starting with a neurological diagnosis before a surgical option is considered.

Because these procedures involve the brain, spine, or nerves, planning typically relies heavily on imaging, such as an MRI or CT scan, to map the exact area involved before surgery. Recovery varies significantly by procedure, ranging from a short hospital stay for some spinal procedures to an extended recovery and rehabilitation period after brain surgery.