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Neonatal Lupus
Neonatal lupus is a temporary antibody-related condition that can affect some babies during pregnancy or after birth. Maternal anti-Ro/SSA or anti-La/SSB antibodies…
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Neonatal Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Neonatal patent ductus arteriosus is a condition in which the ductus arteriosus, a normal fetal blood vessel between the pulmonary artery and…
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Nephrotic Syndrome
Nephrotic syndrome is a group of symptoms caused by damage to the kidneys' tiny filtering units. These damaged filters allow too much…
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Nephrotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity is kidney damage caused by a medicine, chemical, or other toxic substance. Common triggers include some antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),…
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Neuroendocrine Tumor
A neuroendocrine tumor (NET) is a growth that begins in neuroendocrine cells. These cells receive signals from the nervous system and make…
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Nicotine Dependence
Nicotine dependence is a treatable health condition in which the brain and body become accustomed to nicotine and continue to seek it.…
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Nocardiosis
Nocardiosis is an uncommon bacterial infection caused by bacteria called Nocardia. The bacteria can enter the body when a person breathes in…
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Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a group of cancers that begin in the lungs. It is the most common broad category…
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Nutritional Deficiency After Surgery
Nutritional deficiency after surgery occurs when the body does not receive, absorb, or use enough nutrients to support healing and normal function.…
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Nutritional Disorders
Nutritional disorders occur when the body receives too little, too much, or an improper balance of calories or nutrients. They can affect…
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Obesity
Obesity is a chronic disease involving excess body fat that may affect health and well-being. It can affect people of any age,…
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Obsessive Compulsive Disorder
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder is a mental health condition involving recurring, intrusive thoughts, images, or urges called obsessions. These experiences may lead to…
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Obstetrical Tetanus
Obstetrical tetanus is a severe infection caused by a toxin made by Clostridium tetani bacteria. The bacteria’s spores can enter contaminated tissue…
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Obstructive Sleep Apnoea
OSA stands for obstructive sleep apnea, a condition in which the upper airway repeatedly narrows or closes during sleep. These blockages reduce…
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Oesophageal Varices
Oesophageal varices are enlarged, fragile veins in the lower oesophagus, the tube that carries food to the stomach. They usually develop when…
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Oligodendroglioma
Oligodendroglioma is a primary central nervous system tumor that begins in cells related to oligodendrocytes, which help support nerve cells. These oligodendrogliomas…
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Oligospermia
Oligospermia means having a lower-than-expected concentration of sperm in semen. Sperm concentration is measured during a semen analysis, which evaluates a sample…
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Oral Cancer
Oral cancer, also called mouth cancer, is cancer that begins in tissues of the mouth or nearby throat. It can affect the…
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Oral Leukoplakia
Oral leukoplakia is a persistent white patch or plaque that develops on the moist tissues inside the mouth. It commonly appears on…
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Osteoarthritis
Osteoarthritis is a progressive joint disease in which cartilage and other joint tissues gradually change and become damaged. It most often affects…
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Osteochondritis Dissecans
Osteochondritis dissecans occurs when a small area of bone beneath the cartilage at a joint loses part of its blood supply. The…
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Osteochondroma
Osteochondroma is a cartilage-capped bony projection that grows from the surface of a bone. It often develops during childhood or adolescence, while…
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Osteoid Osteoma
Osteoid osteoma is a benign, usually small bone-forming tumor. It most often affects adolescents and young adults. The tumor commonly develops in…
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Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis is a disease that makes bones less dense and weaker than they should be. In osteoporosis, bones become more porous and…
