Last Updated on December 3, 2025 by Ugurkan Demir
A deviated septum is when the thin wall between the nasal passages is off-center. This wall is made of bone and cartilage. It separates the nasal cavity into two passages. How do you get a deviated septum? Learn about the causes, including birth factors, developmental issues, and physical trauma.
About 80 percent of people have some degree of septal deviation. But many don’t show any symptoms. At Liv Hospital, we know how important it is to treat this condition, even if you’re not showing symptoms.
A deviated septum can happen at birth or because of an injury. Its effects can be small or very big, affecting your life a lot.
Key Takeaways
- A deviated septum is a displacement of the thin wall between the nasal passages.
- Approximately 80 percent of people have some degree of septal deviation.
- The condition can be congenital or acquired through injury.
- A deviated septum can cause breathing difficulties and other symptoms.
- Understanding the causes and development of a deviated septum is essential for effective treatment.
Understanding the Nasal Septum
The nasal septum is a thin wall made of cartilage and bone. It’s key for breathing and keeping the nostrils separate. Its health is vital for our breathing.
Anatomy of the Nasal Septum
The septum has cartilage and bone parts. The cartilage, called the quadrangular cartilage, is flexible. The bones, like the maxillary crest, vomer, and ethmoid, give it strength.
Function of a Normal Septum
A healthy septum keeps air flowing equally through both nostrils. It helps filter, warm, and humidify the air we breathe.
Components: Cartilage and Bone
The septum is made of cartilage and bone. The quadrangular cartilage is at the front, making it flexible. The bony parts, like the maxillary crest, vomer, and perpendicular plate of the ethmoid, form the back and bottom.
Component | Description | Function |
Quadrangular Cartilage | Front part of the nasal septum | Provides flexibility |
Maxillary Crest | Bony ridge that forms part of the nasal septum | Structural support |
Vomer | Thin, flat bone that forms the lower part of the nasal septum | Forms the posterior inferior part of the septum |
Perpendicular Plate of Ethmoid | Bony plate that forms the upper part of the nasal septum | Contributes to the posterior superior part of the septum |
What Defines a Deviated Septum?
The nasal septum is a key part that divides the two nasal passages. When it deviates, it can cause health problems. A deviated septum happens when this thin wall of cartilage and bone shifts, making one passage smaller.
This shift can lead to breathing issues and other health problems.
Definition and Classification
A deviated septum is classified based on its severity and impact on breathing. This helps doctors choose the right treatment. Doctors say it can be due to birth or injury to the nose, as the Cleveland Clinic explains.
Not everyone with a deviated septum has the same level of problem. Some may have a minor deviated septum with little issue, while others face severe symptoms that affect their life quality.
Degrees of Septal Deviation
The severity of septal deviation can vary a lot. A mild deviation might not cause big problems, but a severe one can make breathing hard and lead to other issues. Knowing how severe the deviation is is key to finding the right treatment.
Left vs. Right Deviation
A deviated septum can lean to either the left or the right. The direction affects the symptoms. But, how severe the deviation is usually decides the treatment.
When the nasal septum leans to one side, it can make one passage much smaller. This can cause nasal congestion and breathing problems.
Prevalence and Statistics
Research shows that a big chunk of people have some septal deviation. About 80 percent of people have some degree of septal deviation. This affects how well they breathe and their overall health.
General Population Statistics
Studies reveal that deviated septum is common among the general population. The exact number can change based on how septal deviation is defined.
Prevalence rates range from 50% to 80% in different studies.
Age and Gender Distribution
Deviated septum’s prevalence varies by age and gender. Some research points out that it’s more common in certain groups.
For example, some studies show that men are more likely to have a deviated septum than women.
Incidence in Newborns
Deviated septum can be present at birth or develop later. It can be congenital, happening during fetal growth, or due to birth trauma.
The following table summarizes some key statistics on the prevalence of deviated septum:
Population | Prevalence |
General Population | 50-80% |
Newborns | 2-4% |
Males vs. Females | Males: Higher prevalence |
How Do You Get a Deviated Septum?
A deviated septum can happen for many reasons, like congenital conditions and injuries. Knowing why it happens helps find the right treatment.
Congenital Factors
Some people are born with a deviated septum. This is because of genetic predisposition or how they developed in the womb. It makes the septum crooked or not in the middle from the start.
- Genetic predisposition
- Abnormal fetal development
- Compression during pregnancy
Birth-Related Trauma
Birth trauma can also cause a deviated septum. The birth process can put a lot of pressure on the nasal septum. This can make it deviate.
Birth trauma is a big factor, mainly in tough deliveries.
Injury and Trauma After Birth
Nose injuries are a common reason for a deviated septum. This can happen from:
- Sports injuries
- Accidents and falls
- Physical altercations
Developmental Changes
As we grow, the nasal septum can change too. Developmental changes in childhood and adolescence can sometimes cause a deviated septum.
- Growth spurts
- Uneven facial development
Understanding these reasons helps diagnose and treat a deviated septum well.
Congenital Deviated Septum
A deviated septum can be present at birth. It affects the thin wall of cartilage and bone in the nose. This condition can impact nasal function and overall health.
Fetal Development Factors
Many factors can influence the nasal septum during fetal development. The growth of multiple structures must be coordinated. Any disruption can lead to abnormalities like a deviated septum.
Compression During Pregnancy
Compression during pregnancy can also cause a deviated septum. The position of the fetus and external pressures can affect the nasal septum’s development.
Genetic Predisposition
Genetics play a role in congenital deviated septum. People with a family history of nasal or septal issues are more likely to have it.
Understanding these factors is key to diagnosing and managing congenital deviated septum. The table below summarizes the main factors involved.
Factor | Description | Impact on Nasal Septum |
Fetal Development | Disruptions during fetal growth | Abnormal formation of the nasal septum |
Compression During Pregnancy | External pressures on the fetus | Potential deviation of the nasal septum |
Genetic Predisposition | Family history of nasal abnormalities | Increased likelihood of a deviated septum |
Trauma-Induced Septal Deviation
Nasal trauma can cause a deviated septum, leading to breathing problems. This often happens after birth, mainly from sports injuries, accidents, or falls. Trauma is a top reason for a severe septal deviation.
Sports Injuries
Sports injuries, like in football, hockey, and rugby, can cause a deviated septum. The impact of a collision can shift the nasal septum, making breathing hard. Athletes in these sports need to protect their noses to avoid this.
Accidents and Falls
Accidents and falls can also lead to nasal trauma and septal deviation. This includes car accidents, falls down stairs, or other incidents. Quick medical help is key to check and fix any nasal damage.
Physical Altercations
Physical fights and assaults can also damage the nose and cause septal deviation. The force from these incidents can harm the nasal structure. People who get their nose hurt in fights should see a doctor.
Nose-Picking and Other Self-Induced Trauma
Nose-picking can lead to trauma and septal deviation, even if it’s not as severe. It can cause irritation and deviation over time. Stopping this habit is important to avoid more damage.
Knowing why septal deviation happens is key to preventing and treating it. By understanding the risks and taking steps to avoid them, we can lower the chance of getting a deviated septum from trauma.
Developmental Changes During Growth
Growing from childhood to adolescence brings many changes. These changes can affect the shape and function of the nasal septum. Sometimes, uneven facial growth can lead to a deviated septum.
As we grow, our faces and nasal structures keep developing. In some cases, this growth is not even. This can make the septum bow or curve. Doctors say this uneven growth is a common reason for a deviated septum.
Childhood Development
In childhood, the nasal septum is mostly cartilaginous. As the child grows, the cartilage and bone develop. This can make the septum deviate due to uneven growth.
Genetics and environmental factors can also play a role. These factors can make the deviation worse.
Adolescent Growth Spurts
Adolescence is a time of fast growth and development. The nasal septum can be affected by these changes. Growth spurts can cause the septum to deviate.
This deviation can lead to breathing problems and other issues. It’s important to address these problems early on.
Uneven Facial Development
Uneven facial growth can also cause a deviated septum. When facial bones grow at different rates, the septum can become misaligned. This misalignment can cause nasal congestion and sinus infections.
The following table summarizes the key factors influencing nasal septum deviation during developmental changes:
Developmental Stage | Factors Influencing Septum Deviation | Potential Consequences |
Childhood | Uneven growth patterns, genetic predisposition | Nasal congestion, breathing difficulties |
Adolescence | Rapid growth spurts, uneven facial development | Sinus infections, facial pain |
Understanding growth changes helps us see why nasal septum deviation happens. By knowing what causes it, we can manage and treat it better.
Common Symptoms and Signs
Knowing the signs of a deviated septum helps in finding the right treatment. A deviated septum can cause many symptoms that affect daily life.
Breathing Difficulties
One main symptom is trouble breathing through the nose. This happens because the deviation blocks airflow, making breathing hard.
Nasal Congestion
Nasal congestion is another symptom. The blocked nasal passage feels stuffy. This stuffiness can be constant and change in severity.
Frequent Nosebleeds
People with a deviated septum often get nosebleeds. This is because the nasal mucosa dries out or gets irritated. It’s a serious issue that needs medical help.
Facial Pain and Headaches
Facial pain and headaches are linked to a deviated septum. The pressure in the nasal passages and sinuses causes discomfort and headaches.
My Houston Surgeons says a deviated septum can cause snoring, sinus infections, post-nasal drip, and facial pressure. Spotting these symptoms is key to getting the right treatment.
Symptom | Description | Severity |
Breathing Difficulties | Obstruction of airflow | Moderate to Severe |
Nasal Congestion | Blocked nasal passage | Mild to Severe |
Nosebleeds | Frequent bleeding | Mild to Moderate |
Facial Pain | Increased sinus pressure | Moderate |
Mild Deviation | Left or right deviation | Mild |
If you’re showing these symptoms, see a healthcare professional. They can diagnose and suggest the best treatment.
“A deviated septum can significantly impact one’s quality of life, causing discomfort and health issues. Understanding the symptoms is the first step towards effective management and treatment.”
Complications and Associated Conditions
A deviated septum is more than just a structural issue. It can lead to several health problems that affect your quality of life. The nasal septum’s deviation to one side can cause breathing problems and lead to various conditions.
Chronic Sinusitis
One common issue with a deviated septum is chronic sinusitis. The abnormal airflow and mucus buildup can cause recurring sinus infections. This leads to chronic inflammation and infection.
Sleep Apnea
A deviated septum can also cause sleep apnea. This is when breathing stops during sleep. The blockage from the deviated septum can make sleep apnea symptoms worse.
Recurrent Sinus Infections
The changed nasal passage in people with a deviated septum can lead to recurrent sinus infections. These infections can be very uncomfortable and may need repeated medical care.
Impact on Quality of Life
The problems caused by a deviated septum, like chronic sinusitis and sleep apnea, can really affect your life. Symptoms like nasal congestion, dry mouth, and disturbed sleep can make daily activities hard. They can also affect your overall well-being.
The Mayo Clinic says a deviated septum can cause dry mouth, disturbed sleep, and repeated nosebleeds. This highlights the need for proper diagnosis and treatment.
We know that a badly deviated septum can cause breathing issues and lead to problems like chronic sinusitis. If symptoms don’t get better or get worse, it’s important to see a doctor.
Diagnosing a Deviated Septum
ENT specialists use different methods to find out if you have a deviated septum. They look at you and use special tools to check. This helps them know for sure if you have this problem.
Physical Examination
The first thing doctors do is look at your nose. They check if the septum is straight or not. They might use a nasal speculum to see better inside your nose.
My Houston Surgeons says, “An ENT specialist is needed for a sure diagnosis.” They can tell how crooked your septum is and how bad it is.
Nasal Endoscopy
Nasal endoscopy lets doctors see more inside your nose. They use a special camera to look at the septum and other parts. This helps them find any problems.
“Nasal endoscopy is great for seeing the back of the nose. It’s hard to see that part with just a regular check-up.”
Imaging Techniques
Sometimes, doctors might want to take pictures of your nose and sinuses. A CT scan can show them more about your anatomy. This helps them plan how to fix it.
Diagnostic Method | Description | Benefits |
Physical Examination | Visual inspection of the nasal passages | Quick and straightforward |
Nasal Endoscopy | Detailed examination using an endoscope | Provides a clear view of the nasal septum and surrounding structures |
Imaging Techniques (CT Scan) | Detailed imaging of the nasal septum and sinuses | Helps in planning treatment and evaluating complex cases |
When to See a Doctor
If you’re having trouble breathing or your nose is always stuffy, see an ENT specialist. They can help you feel better sooner.
Treatment Options
There are three main ways to treat a deviated septum: conservative management, surgery, and complementary therapies. The right treatment depends on how bad the symptoms are and the extent of the deviation. It also depends on the patient’s health.
Conservative Management
For mild cases, starting with conservative management is common. This method aims to ease symptoms without fixing the septum.
- Nasal steroid sprays to reduce inflammation
- Antihistamines to manage allergic reactions
- Decongestants to relieve nasal congestion
These medicines can help control symptoms and make life better.
Surgical Interventions
When symptoms are severe or conservative methods don’t work, surgery might be needed. Septoplasty is the surgery for a deviated septum.
Septoplasty involves:
- Realigning the nasal septum
- Removing any obstructions
- Improving airflow through the nasal passages
My Houston Surgeons says, “For lasting relief, deviated septum surgery (septoplasty) is often suggested for severe cases.”
Complementary Approaches
Some people also try complementary therapies to help. These include:
- Nasal strips to improve airflow
- Saline nasal sprays to moisturize the nasal passages
- Breathing exercises to enhance respiratory function
These methods might not fix the septum but can help manage symptoms and improve nasal health.
Conclusion
A deviated septum is when the thin wall between the nasal passages is off-center. This can make breathing hard and cause other problems. Knowing what causes it, its symptoms, and how to treat it is key to managing it well.
The nasal septum is important for how we breathe and our nose works. A deviated septum can happen for many reasons, like being born with it or getting hurt. Symptoms include a stuffy nose, nosebleeds, pain in the face, and headaches.
To find out if you have a deviated septum, doctors will do a physical check, look inside your nose, and might use imaging. The treatment depends on how bad it is. It can be simple steps or surgery.
In short, a deviated septum is a big issue that affects many people. Knowing about it helps people get the right care and live better. We’ve talked about how finding and treating it is important. It shows how it affects our nose and overall health, answering what a deviated septum is.
FAQ
What is a deviated septum?
A deviated septum is when the thin wall between the nasal passages is crooked. This can make breathing hard and cause other nasal problems.
What causes a deviated septum?
A deviated septum can happen for many reasons. It might be because of how you were born, injuries, or changes as you grow.
What are the symptoms of a deviated septum?
Signs of a deviated septum include trouble breathing, stuffy nose, and nosebleeds. You might also feel pain in your face and have headaches.
How is a deviated septum diagnosed?
To find out if you have a deviated septum, doctors will do a physical check. They might also use a nasal endoscope or imaging like X-rays or CT scans.
What are the treatment options for a deviated septum?
There are a few ways to treat a deviated septum. You might try not to breathe through your nose, have surgery like septoplasty, or try other methods.
Can a deviated septum cause sleep apnea?
Yes, a deviated septum can lead to sleep apnea. It blocks airflow, making it hard to breathe while you sleep.
Is a deviated septum a common condition?
Yes, many people have a deviated septum. It’s quite common in the general population.
Can a deviated septum be corrected without surgery?
In some cases, you might not need surgery. Trying not to breathe through your nose or using other methods can help. But, surgery is often needed for a big deviation.
What is the difference between a deviated septum and a crooked nasal bone?
A deviated septum is when the thin wall between the nasal passages is off. A crooked nasal bone is when the outside of your nose is not straight.
Can a deviated septum cause chronic sinusitis?
Yes, a deviated septum can lead to chronic sinusitis. It blocks drainage, causing recurring sinus infections.
How does a deviated septum affect quality of life?
A deviated septum can really affect your life. It can make breathing hard, disrupt sleep, and cause sinus infections. These symptoms can make life tough.
References
- Morgenthaler, T. I., Kagramanov, V., Hanak, V., & Decker, P. A. (2006). Complex sleep apnea syndrome: Is it a unique clinical syndrome? Sleep, 29(9), 1203-1209. [https://academic.oup.com/sleep/article/29/9/1203/2708307]
