Each body type is different from each other, and the ideal posture of a body varies from each other. It is almost impossible to come across a perfect posture in daily life, but a good posture can be adjusted to reduce the pressure on muscle groups, joints and ligaments.
Some movements and postures made in daily life bring along the posture disorder. Posture is the position that a person's body takes when standing and sitting. The spine, head, shoulders and hips are aligned in a certain order. However, situations such as computer use or dealing with the phone in large amounts bring about changes in posture and people may develop posture disorders. Posture disorder is a health problem that needs to be controlled. If the current posture disorder progresses, serious symptoms may occur, while noticeable changes in people's physical appearance may occur. Various physical changes such as straight neck, straight waist, hunched back, rounded shoulders might be observed. In such cases, lifestyle changes, physiotherapy and exercises performed with the help of a physiotherapist might lead to the progression and improvement of the posture disorder.

Posture disorder usually develops in daily life due to the way of standing, walking and sitting. But it has also been observed that posture disorders develop due to some diseases. These diseases can be listed as follows.

• Scoliosis
• Scheuermann's Disease
• Osteoporosis
• Muscular dystrophia
• Marfan and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

If posture disorders are at a serious level, surgical interventions may be applied to relieve the symptoms of the people and to prevent the progression of posture disorders. Posture disorder surgeries are preferred only when the potential benefits of the surgery are greater than the risks. Spinal cord surgery is usually used for posture disorders. For example, kyphosis surgery is preferred in cases where the curve of the spine is very pronounced, the curve that develops causes pain that cannot be controlled with medication, and the curve is disrupting your body's other important functions, such as breathing and the nervous system. A technique called spinal fusion is usually used in kyphosis surgery. It involves joining together the vertebrae responsible for the curve of the spine. The curve in your spine is straightened using metal rods, screws and hooks. In flat back operations, the interbody fusion method is used.

If noticeable symptoms due to a posture disorder or symptoms that reduce the quality of daily life are observed, people should consult a healthcare provider. To assess whether balance and range of motion are affected, the physician asks the patient to make some movements. During the movements, the doctor observes the patient's mobility. In case of spinal curvature, the physical examination continues after the patient lies down to see if this curvature is due to poor posture or structural disorders. With the completion of the physical examination, X-ray scans are used for an accurate diagnosis. In such cases, computed tomography (CT) scanning is usually recommended. With the 3D imaging technique, images are taken to the area where the posture disorder is suspected. In some cases, MRI scans are used, and thanks to this, the inside of the spine can be viewed in detail. After all the examinations, the patient can be diagnosed with a posture disorder.

If kyphosis is detected in adults, in some cases, blood tests or bone density scans may be used to screen for the presence of tuberculosis.

Developing a bad posture habit is extremely easy in everyday life.  Posture disorders may develop due to poor posture reasons such as carrying a heavy backpack, spending time in front of the computer for a long time, dealing with the phone for a long time by tilting the head forward, or walking with high heels. Depending on the body posture of the person, the way of development of posture disorders changes and the disorders arising from the posture type are divided into different types. The 4 most common types of posture disorders are as follows.

Forward head: This problem, which is characterized by the forward posture of the head, is a posture disorder in which the head and ears are positioned in front of the vertical midline of the body. This condition, also called tech neck, usually develops due to prolonged attention to mobile phones and computers. It can also be seen due to aging based on the loss of muscle strength in the upper body.

Kyphosis: It is the curvature of the spine that causes the upper part of the back to look rounder than usual. It usually causes the back to look abnormally curved or hunched. It might cause symptoms such as back pain and spinal tenderness. Kyphosis is a health problem that may develop due to poor posture and being hunched over.

Flatback: This problem develops due to the loss of the normal curve of the lower spine. The lower part of the back appears flat, and the person bends forward. It is a posture disorder that may develop as inflammatory arthritis or congenital. Flatback may also develop due to undergoing back surgery operations such as disc degeneration and vertebral compression. Individuals with flatback disorders have difficulty standing for a long time.

Lordosis: Sitting for a long time might weaken the abdominal muscles and hip muscles, and people's core muscles that fix the back might weaken. The development of lordosis may be observed in people at the end of this condition. This posture disorder, which might also be considered a reversal, is the positioning of the hips and pelvis in front of the midline of the body. The waist of individual in this position bends inward in an exaggerated way. When people stand up, they appear to be leaning back with the abdomen and butt protruding.

In addition to posture disorders, some lifestyle factors may also increase neck pain attacks and severity. Using the computer for a long time without providing ergonomic conditions, development of hunching due to sitting for a long time, straining of the shoulders in cases such as depression and anxiety, keeping the head forward while using the mobile phone and long working hours may cause posture disorder as well as exacerbate neck pain due to posture disorders.

In some cases, the doctor and physiotherapist may recommend the use of a posture correction device. Posture support and taping might especially help reduce lordosis. For some patients, a shoe lift can be used for walking improvement.

In addition, it is very important to make lifestyle changes in the treatment of posture disorders. People should regulate their posture and sitting in their working environment in an ergonomic way. It is recommended to pay attention to the alignment of the head and the phone when using a mobile phone. It is of great importance for a person to get an orthopedic bed and sleep at night in a way that supports spinal health in the treatment of posture disorders. In some advanced cases, surgical interventions may be required.

If the posture disorder progresses and is not treated, the severity of the symptoms that develop due to the posture disorder increases. Symptoms that seriously affect the quality of daily life, especially back pain and neck pain, may develop.
Along with poor posture, changes in posture might be observed in people in a way that may also be seen externally. Serious symptoms may develop, such as rounded shoulders, hunched back, difficulty balancing or difficulty standing.

It is necessary to ensure the treatment of the posture disorder without progression. Liv Hospital takes an approach to posture disorders in the light of up-to-date data and works diligently to provide the most effective treatment to its patients

Breast reduction is a type of breast aesthetic operation that can be performed for many different reasons. The operation is performed in the form of surgery at Liv Hospital Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery. It is performed to make the breasts smaller, lighter and shaped. Women and men can benefit from this breast aesthetics operation.

What is Breast Reduction Surgery?

Breast reduction surgery, or reduction mammoplasty as it is medically called, is a procedure that serves to provide a breast size that is more proportional to the patient's body and to prevent disorders caused by excessively large breasts (macromastia). Disproportionately large breasts may lead to posture problems, physical and mental distress and pains. Patients with large breasts may have some physical activities restricted in daily life, they may have back pain, or people may be uncomfortable just because of their aesthetic appearance. Breast reduction surgery is an operation that provides a solution to such situations. Usually, surgery to relieve these and similar symptoms is also preferred by people who do not have symptoms but are not satisfied with the size of the breasts.

How is Breast Reduction Surgery Performed?

Breast reduction surgery is performed under general anesthesia. It usually takes between 2 and 5 hours.  There are several different surgical methods that can be used. The specialist physician who will perform the procedure performs the operation by choosing one of these different methods depending on the shape and size of the breast. These methods are:

• Liposuction Method: The surgeon inserts a tube into the vacuum device by opening small incisions in the area of the procedure. This tube works by pulling fat and liquids out of the breast. This method is preferred when less breast reduction will be performed, that is, if the breast is smaller and it is thought that the skin can compensate for the difference.
• Lollipop Method or Vertical Incision: This method is preferred if a moderate reduction is to be performed or if sagging in the breast is desired to be corrected. The surgeon makes incisions from around the areola (the colored area around the nipple) to the area under the breast, and removes excess tissue and fat, shapes the breast and lifts the breast.
• Reverse T Incision method (Anchor Method): This method is performed by making incisions along the lower fold of the breast, towards the bottom of the areola by the surgeon. It is usually preferred for large breast reductions and in cases where there is a lot of sagging or unevenness. Since breast surgery is a major surgical operation (i.e., general anesthesia is used), the patient stays in the hospital for one day after the surgery.

For Whom Is Breast Reduction Surgery Performed?

Everyone with a large chest size is a candidate for problems caused by this condition. A large chest is the cause of back pain. In addition, it can restrict various physical activities, negatively affect psychological and physical health, and lead to aesthetic discomfort. However, whether or not to have surgery is entirely the choice of people. When women and men need it, they can have this surgery and see the benefits.

How Is Breast Reduction Surgery Performed on Women?

Large breasts, especially breasts that are not proportional to the size of the body, can lead to many problems in women. Back, neck, breast and shoulder pain are foremost problems. There may be pain and injury caused by a bra strap on the shoulders. Difficulty finding clothes suitable for the upper body is also a common condition. In addition, large breasts can also cause difficulties during physical exercise. Breast reduction surgery gives positive results in women suffering from these conditions.

How Is Breast Reduction Surgery Performed on Men?

The condition in which one or both breasts are larger than normal in men is called gynecomastia. Gynecomastia can occur as a result of hormonal imbalance or as a result of breast tissue growth due to excessive weight-increasing estrogen levels. Breast reduction surgery is a good option for men with gynecomastia. If there is a proportional size in the breasts due to just being overweight, or obese, this surgery is not performed.

What are the Risks of Breast Reduction Surgery?

The risks associated with breast surgery exist, just like with any surgery. As for general anesthesia, there are problems such as allergic reactions, chest infections, blood clots, heart attacks, stroke, and death, just like all surgeries with general anesthesia. The problems that may occur due to breast reduction surgery can be listed as follows: scars, heavy bleeding, infection, swelling, bruising, pain, healing problems, asymmetry, decreased sensation, damage to deeper structures, and allergic reaction. It is possible that these problems will arise, but this does not mean that they will definitely occur. Factors such as being healthy and not smoking increase the chances of success of each operation, as well as they are important factors in breast reduction operations. If you need breast reduction surgery but are afraid of these disadvantages, you can find out how much risk you are at by consulting your specialist physician about these fears.

Is There an Age Limit For Breast Reduction Surgery?

There is no age limit for breast reduction surgery. Only breast development should be completed. In the medical literature, this is defined as Tanner stage 5. The doctor you consult can tell you after the examination whether the surgery is suitable for you.

How Long Does Breast Reduction Surgery Take?

Each operation differs depending on various variables. However, to say a general time value; the operation is expected to take at least 2 hours and at most 5 hours. The time may be prolonged depending on the complications that may occur.

What to Pay Attention to After Breast Reduction Surgery

After surgery, a one-day hospitalization is an expected result, as general anesthesia is administered. After the operation, you can walk and do light work within two weeks. It is considered normal for the first two weeks to pass with pain and swelling. During these two weeks, you should not lift heavy things and be alert to the symptoms that your doctor tells you to watch out for. It may take about six weeks for you to return to your normal exercises.
Since breast reduction surgery is performed with different methods, in different sizes, what needs to be paid attention to after surgery for each person will also vary. However, when you see an unexpected symptom after surgery, that is, if your wounds heal late, if you see swelling in an unexpected area, or if you suspect problems such as inflammation or loss of sensation, it may be useful to contact your doctor without wasting time.

Breast Reduction Surgery Prices

Breast reduction surgery prices will vary depending on where you prefer to have the surgery. You can consult the healthcare institutions where you want to have surgery to get information about this.

Frequently Asked Questions:

Does a scar remain after breast reduction surgery?

Scars may remain on the skin after any operation. Even if there are no problems after surgery, the places where the surgery was performed may look redder, slightly lumpy and puffy. You can help heal these wound sites with dressings and then creams recommended by your doctor. It has been stated that most people do not have very visible scars after recovery. However, this healing process of the skin can take up to two years. As with any operation, this situation varies from person to person. If you are already prone to scarring, it may be good to discuss this with your surgeon before surgery.

Why do breasts sag?

Breasts of any size can sag, but due to gravity, large breasts are more prone to sagging. In addition, aging, hormone changes, pregnancy, weight gain and loss, and menopause can also cause sagging breasts. There are no studies showing that breastfeeding causes breast sagging.

Is breast reduction surgery an obstacle to breastfeeding?

If you are planning to breastfeed in the near future, it may be a good idea to postpone breast surgery. It is important to remember that the breasts, like the entire body, change during pregnancy and this will affect the outcome of the surgery. Most plastic surgeons prefer to wait for the breast to return to its normal shape after the breastfeeding process for surgery. This is also between 6 and 12 months.

* Liv Hospital Editorial Board has contributed to the publication of this content . * Contents of this page is for informational purposes only. Please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. The content of this page does not include information on medicinal health care at Liv Hospital .