Mastectomy: Comfortable Guide to Surgery

A mastectomy is a surgical procedure that removes all breast tissue from the breast. It is most often performed to treat breast cancer, but can also be done to lower the risk of developing breast cancer in women with a high genetic predisposition.

What is Mastectomy?

To answer the question “What is a mastectomy?”, it is important to understand its purpose. This procedure involves removing all or part of the breast to treat or reduce the risk of breast cancer. The technique may vary depending on the patient’s health, the cancer stage, and personal preferences.

Why Might I Need a Mastectomy?

A mastectomy may be recommended if cancer is large, aggressive, or has spread, making other treatments like lumpectomy less effective. It is also considered for those with high genetic risk, such as BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carriers. Some patients choose this operation to significantly reduce cancer risk even if previous treatments have been attempted.

Types of Mastectomy Procedures

Mastectomy procedures include:

• Simple or total mastectomy
• Modified radical mastectomy
• Skin-sparing mastectomy
• Nipple-sparing mastectomy
• Double mastectomy

Recovery time after a double mastectomy can vary widely and depends on several factors.

Simple or Total Mastectomy

This removes the entire breast, including all breast tissue, but does not affect lymph nodes or chest muscles. Usually recommended when cancer is confined or as a preventive measure.

Modified Radical Mastectomy

Removes the entire breast and some underarm lymph nodes while preserving chest muscles. This procedure is often chosen when cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes.

Radical Mastectomy

Radical mastectomy is a surgical procedure generally reserved for advanced stages of breast cancer or when the tumor has spread to nearby tissues. In this operation, the entire breast, the underlying chest muscles (pectoral muscles), and the axillary lymph nodes are removed. While this technique is performed less frequently today, it may be necessary for cases that do not respond to other treatments. Because radical mastectomy is an extensive surgery, it involves a longer recovery time and can lead to complications such as restricted arm movement.

Partial Mastectomy (Segmental Mastectomy)

A partial mastectomy involves removing only the cancerous section of the breast, along with a margin of healthy tissue surrounding it. This procedure is most commonly used for early-stage breast cancer or as part of breast-conserving treatment approaches. After the tumor is removed, radiotherapy is typically recommended to help prevent recurrence. Partial mastectomy is often preferred by patients because it preserves most of the breast's natural appearance. However, depending on how much tissue is removed, there may be changes in breast shape that could require cosmetic correction.

Skin-Sparing Mastectomy

Skin-sparing mastectomy removes the breast tissue but preserves most of the skin covering the breast. This approach is often selected by women who wish to undergo immediate breast reconstruction, as it helps retain the breast's natural shape and appearance.

Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy

In this procedure, all breast tissue is removed while the nipple and areola are preserved. Nipple-sparing mastectomy is typically an option for women with early-stage breast cancer or those having preventive surgery who are good candidates for maintaining the nipple..

Double Mastectomy

A double this disorder , also known as a bilateral mastectomy, is a surgical procedure in which both breasts are removed. This surgery is typically performed when cancer is present in both breasts or to reduce the risk of breast cancer in high-risk individuals, such as those with a strong family history or genetic mutations like BRCA1 or BRCA2 that significantly increase cancer risk.

Other Types of Mastectomy

• Modified Radical Mastectomy: This procedure involves removing the entire breast tissue along with the axillary lymph nodes, while preserving the chest muscles. Because it combines lymph node removal with a less invasive approach, the modified radical mastectomy generally results in fewer complications than a radical mastectomy and is performed more frequently.
• Total (Simple) Mastectomy: In a total or simple mastectomy, the entire breast tissue is removed, but the lymph nodes and chest muscles remain intact. This method is often used for preventive reasons or in cases of non-invasive breast cancer. It may also be performed as a prophylactic mastectomy for individuals with a genetic predisposition to breast cancer.
• Subcutaneous Mastectomy (Skin-Sparing Mastectomy): This technique removes all breast tissue while preserving the skin of the breast, making it a preferred option for patients who have aesthetic concerns. Reconstructive surgery can be performed afterward to reshape the breast. The choice of mastectomy type depends on the patient's individual condition and treatment plan, and decisions are made with input from a multidisciplinary medical team to achieve the best possible treatment and quality-of-life outcomes.

What Happens During a Mastectomy?

The disease is the surgical removal of all or part of the breast. This procedure is typically performed to treat breast cancer or as a preventive measure for individuals at high risk of developing the disease. The type of this disorder performed depends on the patient's overall health, the stage and size of the tumor, its location in the breast tissue, and the preferred treatment approach. This surgical procedure plays a vital role in extending life expectancy and preventing the spread of cancer.

The disease is often the treatment of choice for certain breast cancer types, such as Paget's disease. Paget's breast cancer is a rare type that affects the nipple and the surrounding areola. Symptoms may include redness, crusting, and itching of the nipple. This disease is often associated with underlying breast cancer, making mastectomy the most effective method for completely removing the disease.

How Do I Prepare for a Mastectomy? 

Preparing for a this disease involves several steps: consulting with your surgeon to discuss the procedure, undergoing medical tests, making lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking, and seeking emotional support. You'll also receive instructions on fasting before surgery and managing pain afterward.

Mastectomy can be performed using different techniques depending on the stage of cancer. Total (simple) mastectomy involves removing the entire breast, without removing the lymph nodes. Modified radical mastectomy, on the other hand, involves removing the entire breast along with axillary lymph nodes to assess and control the potential spread of cancer through the lymphatic system. Skin-sparing mastectomy, which preserves the breast skin, is often combined with reconstructive surgery and is commonly chosen by patients with aesthetic concerns.

What Happens After a Mastectomy?

The disease is not just a physical procedure”it also impacts a patient's psychological and social well-being. Because of this, post-operative psychological support is just as important as physical recovery. Breast reconstruction surgery, designed to restore the appearance of the breast, is frequently offered to support both aesthetic and emotional healing. Plastic surgeons are often involved as part of a multidisciplinary team to help address the diverse needs of patients through every stage of recovery.

In the Hospital

After this disorder , you will be closely monitored in the hospital for any complications, such as bleeding, infection, or anesthesia-related issues. The typical hospital stay ranges from one to two days, depending on the type of surgery and how quickly you recover. Pain management is a top priority, and you will receive medication to help control discomfort. Nurses will assist with wound care and encourage you to move around early, which helps prevent blood clots and supports overall healing. If lymph nodes were removed, you will also be monitored for any signs of swelling or related complications.

At Home

After returning home, your recovery will involve following specific care instructions from your medical team. Proper care of your incision site is essential to prevent infection, and you may be prescribed pain medications to help manage discomfort. It's important to follow activity restrictions, such as avoiding heavy lifting and getting ample rest to promote healing. Gentle exercises might be recommended to help restore mobility, especially if lymph nodes were removed.
Emotional support is also important during recovery. Some patients find counseling or support groups helpful in coping with the psychological effects of surgery. Be sure to attend all follow-up appointments with your surgeon or oncologist so they can monitor your progress and check for any signs of recurrence.

Risks and Possible Complications of a Mastectomy

Although this disorder is a commonly performed procedure with a generally positive outlook, it does carry potential risks and complications that should be taken into account.

• Bleeding: As with any surgical procedure, there is a risk of bleeding.
• Infection: Infections may develop at the surgical site.
• Seroma: Fluid can accumulate under the skin (seroma), which may require drainage.
• Nerve damage: Damage to nerves in the chest, armpit, or arm can lead to numbness or tingling.
• Lymphedema: Removal of lymph nodes increases the risk of lymphedema, a condition causing swelling in the arm or hand due to fluid buildup.
• Heart or lung problems: In rare instances, complications can affect the heart or lungs.

Arm Care After Lymph Node Removal

If lymph nodes are removed during a this disorder , it's crucial to take extra care with arm movement to reduce the risk of lymphedema.

• Avoid tight clothing or jewelry on the affected arm.
• Protect the arm from injury: Avoid cuts, burns, or insect bites.
• Maintain a healthy weight: Excess weight can increase the risk of lymphedema.
• Regularly check your arm for swelling, redness, or warmth.
• Consult a lymphedema therapist for personalized guidance.

Cosmetic Concerns After Mastectomy

After a this disorder , many women have concerns about the cosmetic changes to their body, especially the loss of a breast. The appearance of the chest can change significantly, which may affect a person's sense of femininity and self-esteem. Some women choose breast reconstruction, while others may prefer to use prostheses or forego reconstruction altogether. It's important to discuss your options and concerns with your surgeon, as there are solutions to address cosmetic changes. Wearing a prosthetic breast or choosing tattooing for nipple reconstruction can also help restore confidence. Seeking emotional support through counseling or support groups can be very helpful while adjusting to these changes.

Breast Reconstruction Surgery After Mastectomy

Breast reconstruction is an option for women who wish to restore the appearance of their breasts after mastectomy. This procedure can use breast implants to rebuild the shape and volume of the breast.

Options include:

• Immediate reconstruction: This is performed at the same time as the disease.
• Delayed reconstruction: This takes place months or even years after the disease.
• Reconstructive techniques: Options include using breast implants, tissue from other parts of the body (such as the abdomen or back), or a combination of both approaches.

Choosing Not to Have Reconstruction

Many women decide not to pursue breast reconstruction after this disorder. This is a highly personal choice, and there are several valid reasons for making this decision, including:

• Personal preference: Some women simply prefer the natural look after the disease.
• Health concerns: Reconstruction may not be suitable for all women, especially those with certain health conditions.
• Emotional factors: The decision to have reconstruction can be emotionally complex.

Recovering From a Mastectomy

Recovery from this disorder can take time and is different for everyone. Some general tips to aid in mastectomy recovery include:

• Rest: Make sure to get plenty of rest and avoid strenuous activities while you heal.
• Pain management: Take prescribed pain medications as directed by your doctor to stay comfortable during recovery.
• Follow post-operative instructions: Carefully follow your doctor's advice for wound care, activity limits, and attend all scheduled follow-up appointments.
• Emotional support: Seek emotional support by connecting with others who have had mastectomies, either through support groups or counseling.

Further Treatment After Mastectomy

After this disorder , further treatments may be suggested based on the type and stage of your cancer. These additional therapies are designed to lower the risk of the cancer returning and to treat any cancer cells that might remain in the body.

Radiation Therapy

If there is a risk of cancer cells remaining in the chest area, radiation therapy may be used after the disease . This treatment involves using high-energy rays to target and destroy any cancer cells that were not removed during surgery. Radiation can be particularly important if cancer was found in the lymph nodes or if the tumor was large. Side effects of radiation therapy can include skin irritation, fatigue, and issues with the heart or lungs, depending on the area being treated.

Chemotherapy

If cancer has spread or is considered high risk for recurrence, chemotherapy may be recommended after the disease . Chemotherapy uses drugs, given either intravenously or orally, to kill cancer cells or stop their growth. Side effects can include nausea, hair loss, fatigue, and weakened immunity. This treatment is often suggested when cancer is aggressive or has spread to lymph nodes or other organs.

Hormonal Therapy

If your breast cancer is hormone receptor-positive, hormonal therapy may be recommended after surgery. This approach blocks the hormones”such as estrogen or progesterone”that fuel the growth of certain breast cancers. Medications like tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors are commonly used to reduce hormone levels or block their effects, helping to lower the risk of recurrence. Possible side effects include hot flashes, joint pain, and a slightly increased risk of blood clots or bone thinning.

Why Choose Liv Hospital for Disease Treatment

Liv Hospital stands out as an exceptional choice for this disorder treatment due to its commitment to providing comprehensive and personalized care. The hospital features a multidisciplinary team of experienced oncologists, surgeons, and support staff who work together to create individualized treatment plans based on the patient's specific needs. Liv Hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art technology and advanced surgical techniques, ensuring high success rates and minimizing complications.

Additionally, the hospital offers a holistic approach to care, addressing both physical and emotional aspects of recovery. Patients also benefit from post-surgical rehabilitation, counseling services, and access to a range of options for breast reconstruction. With its focus on patient safety, comfort, and satisfaction, Liv Hospital provides a supportive environment for patients throughout their treatment journey.

Medical Tourism in Türkiye for Mastectomy Patients

Turkey has become a popular destination for medical tourism, especially for patients seeking high-quality this disorder procedures and treatments. Hospitals like Liv Hospital offer world-class facilities, cutting-edge technologies, and highly skilled surgeons at competitive prices compared to many other countries. Many international patients choose Turkey for its combination of advanced medical care and affordable treatment costs. Additionally, Turkey's rich history of healthcare tourism ensures that patients can access both top-tier medical treatments and comfortable recovery environments.

For those seeking mastectomy procedures, medical tourism in Turkey also provides the opportunity to benefit from comprehensive care, including breast reconstruction and post-operative support, all in a seamless and patient-friendly experience. Liv Hospital and other reputable institutions in Turkey offer expert consultation, treatment, and personalized care for international patients, often including services like travel assistance and accommodations, to make the process as smooth as possible.

* Liv Hospital Editorial Board has contributed to the publication of this content .
* Contents of this page is for informational purposes only. Please consult your doctor for diagnosis and treatment. The content of this page does not include information on medicinal health care at Liv Hospital .

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