Pulmonology

Pulmonology is the branch of medicine focused on diseases of the lungs and respiratory system, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, and sleep-related breathing disorders. It covers both the diagnosis of breathing problems and the long-term management of chronic lung conditions.

Many respiratory infections are caused by viruses, such as influenza, RSV, or COVID-19, which can range from mild illness to severe pneumonia requiring hospitalization, particularly in patients with an existing lung condition. Patients are commonly referred to this branch for symptoms such as persistent cough, shortness of breath, wheezing, or difficulty breathing during sleep.

Lung function is typically assessed through breathing tests, such as spirometry, along with imaging like a chest X-ray or CT scan when needed. Because conditions like asthma and COPD are usually managed over the long term rather than cured, treatment often focuses on controlling symptoms, preventing flare-ups, and preserving lung function over time.