Miscarriage before 20 weeks is evaluated as pregnancy loss. Stating that 10-15% of clinically detected pregnancy result miscarriage, Liv Hospital Obstetrician and Perinatology Specialist Prof. Dr. Arda Lembet said "Genetic factors (abnormal count or structure of embryo chromosomes) are responsible for 50-75% of pregnancy losses. 1% of fertile women suffer from 3 or more miscarriages and these cases are called recurrent pregnancy loss. Spec. MD. Hafsa Uçur explained the causes of pregnancy losses and gave a roadmap for prevention.
When to examine pregnancy losses?
- If a heartbeat is detected in the embryo, or especially if a miscarriage occurs during the second trimester, further evaluation is recommended.
- If a normal karyotype analysis has been reported in the genetic examination of tissue collected from a previous pregnancy loss,
- Mother older than 35
- Mother with infertility
- Abnormality detected in the karyotype (genetic) analysis of the mother and/or father
Although recurrent pregnancy loss is defined as three or more miscarriages, having two consecutive losses or any miscarriage during the second trimester is sufficient to begin a diagnostic evaluation.
What are the causes?
- Anatomic factors
- Congenital (such as uterine septum, unicornuate uterus, uterine didelphys, bicornuate uterus) or acquired abnormalities (such as myomas or intrauterine adhesions) in the mother's uterus.
- Immune system-related factors (such as systemic lupus erythematosus or antiphospholipid syndrome)
- Congenital thrombophilias (coagulation disorders), placenta pathologies
What procedures are used?
Karyotype analysis for prospective mothers and fathers (a genetic analysis using collected blood samples), 4D ultrasonography, hysterosalpingography (imaging the uterus and fallopian tubes with contrast dye), hysteroscopy, and laparoscopy can be performed to investigate potential anatomic problems in the mother's uterus. To evaluate congenital or acquired thrombophilias (coagulation disorders) and immunological conditions, comprehensive thrombophilia testing can be done on blood samples from expecting mothers. This may include a thrombophilia panel, genetic mutation screening, and lipoprotein(a) measurement. For women who become pregnant after experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss, chromosomal analysis during pregnancy, performed with interventional procedures such as amniocentesis, chorionic villus sampling, or cordocentesis, can provide valuable information.
* Liv Hospital Editorial Board has contributed to the publication of this content .
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