Urology

Urology is the branch of medicine focused on the urinary tract in both men and women, as well as the male reproductive system. It covers conditions such as kidney stones, urinary tract infections, bladder problems, and prostate conditions, including benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.

This branch differs from Nephrology mainly in approach: Nephrology manages kidney disease primarily through medical treatment, while Urology addresses structural and surgical issues within the urinary tract, such as removing a kidney stone or treating an enlarged prostate. The two branches often coordinate care when a kidney condition also involves a structural problem.

Patients are commonly referred to this branch for symptoms such as blood in the urine, difficulty or pain with urination, recurring urinary tract infections, or, in men, urinary changes linked to the prostate. Diagnosis often combines urine and blood tests with imaging, and treatment ranges from medication to minimally invasive or surgical procedures depending on the condition.