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Why Is It Called the Menopause? Surprising Origin
Why Is It Called the Menopause? Surprising Origin 3

The word menopause comes from ancient Greek. It’s made up of mēn, meaning month, and pausis, meaning pause. This shows it’s about the end of monthly periods, a big change for women. Ever wonder‘why is it called the menopause’? Discover the surprising Greek origin and history behind the powerful name.

French doctors, like Charles-Pierre-Louis de Gardanne, introduced it in the early 19th century. In 1812, he used it for the first time. Knowing where menopause comes from helps us understand its importance in women’s health.

Key Takeaways

  • The term “menopause” originates from Greek words mēn and pausis.
  • It was introduced into medical terminology in the 19th century.
  • Charles-Pierre-Louis de Gardanne coined the term in 1812.
  • Menopause signifies the permanent cessation of menstruation.
  • Understanding the etymology provides insight into its significance in women’s health.

The Origin of the Term “Menopause”

Why Is It Called the Menopause? Surprising Origin
Why Is It Called the Menopause? Surprising Origin 4

The word “menopause” comes from Greek, showing the end of menstrual cycles. It’s made from “mēn,” meaning month, and “pausis,” meaning pause or stop.

Greek Roots: Mēn and Pausis

The Greek roots of “menopause” tell us what it means. “Mēn” is about the month, which is when women usually get their period. “Pausis” means to pause or stop, showing when these cycles end.

Together, “menopause” means the end of monthly periods. It’s a big change in a woman’s life.

Literal Translation: “End of Monthly Cycles”

“Menopause” really means the end of monthly cycles. It happens when the ovaries stop working and there’s no more period for a year.

Term

Greek Root

Meaning

Mēn

μήν

Month

Pausis

παῦσις

Pause or Cessation

Menopause

μήν + παῦσις

End of Monthly Cycles

Knowing where “menopause” comes from helps us understand it better. It shows how words shape our view of health and culture.

Historical Development of the Term

In the early 19th century, French doctors introduced “menopause.” This changed how we talk about women’s health. It was a big step for gynecology, making medical terms clearer.

French Medical Origins in the 19th Century

The word “menopause” comes from French medicine. This field was growing fast in the 19th century. French doctors led in medical progress, including in gynecology.

Medical Expert-Pierre-Louis de Gardanne’s Contribution

Medical Expert-Pierre-Louis de Gardanne played a big role in “menopause.” He used the term first in 1812. His work helped make it clear and widely accepted.

Evolution from 1812 to 1821

From 1812 to 1821, “menopause” changed a lot. Medical Expert, and by 1821, it was a key term in French medicine. It soon spread to other languages and medical fields.

Knowing why it’s called “menopause” shows its importance. It’s a key term in women’s health, marking a big moment in women’s lives.

Why Is It Called The Menopause: A Linguistic Perspective

The term ‘menopause’ is interesting from a language and medicine point of view. It comes from Greek words. Knowing where it comes from helps us understand what it means.

Semantic Accuracy of the Term

The word ‘menopause’ comes from ‘mēn,’ meaning month, and ‘pausis,’ meaning stop. So, it means the end of monthly cycles. This is because it marks when women stop getting their periods.

Menopause is when women stop getting their periods, usually between 45 and 55. The name fits perfectly with what happens in a woman’s body during this time.

How the Name Reflects the Biological Process

The name ‘menopause’ shows the big change in a woman’s body when she stops menstruating. It’s not just a name; it shows the big changes in hormones and body that happen then.

  • The main thing about menopause is when women stop getting their periods.
  • Changes in hormones, like less estrogen, are key in this change.
  • Doctors all over the world use ‘menopause’ to talk about this specific change in women’s bodies.

In short, ‘menopause’ is not just a word. It’s a term that accurately describes a big change in a woman’s body. Knowing where ‘menopause’ comes from helps us see how important it is for women’s health.

Cultural and Historical Context of Naming

The term ‘menopause’ shows how medical knowledge and societal views mixed in the 19th century. This period saw big changes in how people understood women’s health.

Medical Understanding in the 19th Century

In the 19th century, medicine was growing fast, and so was our knowledge of women’s health. Medical Expert-Pierre-Louis de Gardanne first used ‘menopause’ in 1812. It comes from Greek, meaning ‘end of monthly cycles’. This shows how doctors were starting to focus more on women’s health.

Social Perceptions of Women’s Health

In the 19th century, how people saw women’s health was shaped by culture and society. Menopause was seen through these views. The word ‘menopause’ marked a shift towards a more scientific view of women’s health problems.

Evolution of Medical Terminology

Over time, how we talk about menopause has changed. Terms like ‘perimenopause’ have helped us understand the changes women go through before menopause. This change shows how science and views on women’s health have evolved.

Term

Year Introduced

Description

Menopause

1812

Cessation of monthly menstrual cycles

Perimenopause

Late 20th Century

The transition period leading to menopause

Overgangsalderen

N/A

A term used in some cultures to describe menopause

As we learn more about menopause, it’s clear that its naming has shaped our understanding. The ‘menopause wiki’ and ‘perimenopause wikipedia’ show worldwide interest in these topics.

Related Terminology: Perimenopause

Perimenopause is a big change in a woman’s life, marked by hormonal shifts. It happens before menopause and can last for years. Women may feel different symptoms because of these hormonal changes.

Etymology of “Perimenopause”

The word “perimenopause” comes from Greek. “Peri-” means “around” or “near,” and “menopause” means the end of menstruation. So, perimenopause means the time right before menopause.

In perimenopause, estrogen levels can be 20–30% higher than before. This leads to irregular periods, hot flashes, and other symptoms. These changes are part of the transition to menopause.

The Female Climacteric: Another Name Explained

“Female climacteric” is another name for this phase. “Climacteric” comes from Greek, meaning “rung of a ladder.” It shows a critical time or milestone. The female climacteric includes the perimenopausal period and is often used like perimenopause.

Linguistic Relationship to Menopause

“Perimenopause” and “menopause” share a common root. Menopause is when menstrual cycles stop, and perimenopause is the time before that. Knowing where these words come from helps us understand the changes women go through.

The words around menopause are complex and have changed over time. By looking into their origins and connections, we gain insight into the physical changes women face during this important life stage.

Menopause Terminology Across Languages

Menopause terms change a lot from one language to another. This change shows how different cultures see women’s health and aging. It’s not just about the biological process.

Variations and Translations

The word “menopause” means different things in different languages. In Finnish, it’s “vaihdevuodet,” which means “years of change.” In Czech, it’s “menopavza,” a direct translation from English.

In Korean, it’s called “폐경” (menopause), with the English meaning. These examples show how languages describe a common experience in their own ways.

Other languages have their own special words for menopause. Turkish calls it “menopoz,” which is close to the English term. Italian uses “menopausa,” showing a Latin connection. These words not only talk about the medical side but also carry cultural meanings.

Cultural Influences on Terminology

Culture greatly affects how we talk about menopause. In some places, it’s seen as a big change in life, with special rituals or recognition. The words used in these cultures show this view.

In some Asian cultures, menopause is a step into a new life stage. Women get more respect and freedom. The terms used here often have positive meanings, showing respect for this stage.

But in some Western cultures, menopause has been seen negatively, linked to aging and loss of fertility. The words used here might show these old views, even though attitudes are changing.

Menopause is a complex topic, influenced by biology and culture. By looking at the different words used, we can see how various cultures view women’s health and aging.

The Biological Basis Behind the Name

Menopause marks the end of a woman’s menstrual cycle. It has a deep biological foundation. The changes during this time are key to understanding the term “menopause.”

Cessation of Menstruation

The main reason for the term “menopause” is the stop of menstruation. This stoppage of monthly cycles comes from Greek words “mēn” for month and “pausis” for pause. It’s not just a simple stop; it’s a complex process.

Hormonal Changes and Their Relation to Etymology

A big drop in estrogen levels happens during menopause, causing symptoms like hot flashes. These hormonal changes are key to understanding the term’s meaning. The decrease in estrogen is linked to the stop of menstruation, as estrogen controls the cycle.

Scientific Accuracy of the Term

The term “menopause” accurately describes the biological process it refers to. It captures the stop of menstruation and the hormonal changes. This accuracy is vital for medical understanding and communication.

We see that “menopause” is more than a label. It’s a detailed description of a complex biological process. The scientific accuracy of the term helps healthcare providers and patients talk clearly about this phase, understanding the underlying biological changes.

Symptoms and Their Relationship to Terminology

Menopause symptoms, like hot flashes, show big differences in how they are felt and talked about around the world. Looking into these symptoms, we see how the words we use to talk about menopause are connected to what women go through.

Hot flashes are a key symptom of menopause, hitting many women hard. Hot flashes wikipedia tells us they bring sudden heat, sweating, and flushing. Most women say hot flashes are the most common symptom of menopause.

Hot Flashes: The Most Reported Symptom

Hot flashes are more than just a common symptom; they define menopause. Women feel hot flashes in different ways, from mild to very strong. Some barely notice them, while others find them very disruptive.

Other Common Symptoms

Women going through menopause also face other symptoms. These include night sweats, mood swings, trouble sleeping, and dryness in the vagina. Not every woman gets all these symptoms, and how they feel can vary a lot.

Many things affect how menopause is felt, like biology, psychology, and culture. For example, what you eat, your lifestyle, and where you’re from can change your experience of menopause.

Cultural Variations in Symptom Reporting

How we see menopause and its symptoms changes a lot between cultures. Research shows that symptoms can be different in different places. For instance, some cultures might report fewer hot flashes or feel them differently than others.

It’s important for doctors to understand these cultural variations. By seeing how menopause is experienced and talked about in different ways, we can give better care. This helps us meet the needs of women from all backgrounds.

In short, the symptoms of menopause, like hot flashes, are closely tied to the words we use to describe it. By understanding the cultural and personal differences in how symptoms are reported, we can get a deeper understanding of menopause and its effects on women’s health.

Evolution of Medical Understanding and Terminology

Medical knowledge has grown, and so has our understanding of menopause. The term “menopause” has changed a lot over time. This change shows how our views and medical knowledge have evolved.

Historical Misconceptions

In the past, menopause was not well understood. People thought it was a big medical problem, not just a natural part of life. Early writings often said menopause caused many symptoms, but these were not always true.

“Menopause was once seen as a ‘critical’ time in a woman’s life, linked to health decline.”

— Medical Expert, Menopause: A Time for Change

Modern Medical Definitions

Now, menopause is when a woman has her last period, usually between 45 and 55. Today’s definitions are clearer, showing we understand the changes better. Doctors now use tests and exams to confirm menopause, making diagnosis more accurate.

Criteria

Historical Definition

Modern Definition

Diagnostic Basis

Symptomatic reporting

Clinical evaluation and laboratory tests

Understanding of Symptoms

Linked to health decline

Seen as part of aging

Terminology in Contemporary Medicine

In today’s medicine, the words we use for menopause are changing. We now talk about “perimenopause” and “postmenopause.” Using these terms helps doctors give better care to women going through these changes.

The way we talk about and understand menopause is always getting better. As we learn more, our definitions and how we diagnose will improve. This is key to giving women the best care during menopause.

Alternative Terms and Euphemisms

Menopause has been called many names over the years. This shows how society views this important life stage. Different words highlight the mix of biology, culture, and language.

Historical Euphemisms

In the past, people talked about menopause in roundabout ways. They used terms like “the change of life” or “the climacteric” to avoid direct talk. These words show how language was used to make menopause seem less harsh.

In the 19th century, French doctors used clinical terms but didn’t say “menopause” directly. This shows how culture and society shape our language about menopause.

Contemporary Alternative Terms

Today, “menopause” is widely known, but new terms are also used. “perimenopause” is one, describing the time before menopause. This change shows we’re getting better at understanding women’s life stages.

Some people also use terms that highlight the positive sides of menopause. This shift aims to move away from negative or stigmatizing words.

Cultural and Social Implications

Different cultures have different views on menopause. In some places, it’s seen as a respected life change. In others, it’s kept quiet or viewed negatively.

Healthcare workers need to understand these views to provide better care. By using the right language, care can be more personal and respectful.

The way we talk about menopause says a lot about society’s views on women’s health and aging. As our understanding grows, so will the words we use to describe this important time.

Conclusion: The Enduring Legacy of the Term “Menopause”

The term “menopause” is now a key part of our medical talk. It marks a big change in women’s health. Knowing where “menopause” comes from helps us understand this important life event.

Exploring why it’s called menopause, we find its roots in Greek. “Mēn” and “pausis” mean the end of monthly cycles. The spelling of menopause stays the same, used everywhere.

The term’s lasting importance in medicine and culture shows its value. As we learn more about women’s health, “menopause” stays a key word. It shows a big part of a woman’s life.

Understanding the history and meaning of “menopause” helps us see its importance. It shows us the significance of this life change.

FAQ

What is the etymology of the term “menopause”?

“Menopause” comes from Greek words “mēn” (month) and “pausis” (cessation). It was added to medical terms in the 19th century. It means the end of a woman’s menstrual cycles.

Who introduced the term “menopause” into medical terminology?

Medical Expert-Pierre-Louis de Gardanne introduced “menopause” in 1812. By 1821, it became widely accepted.

What is the literal translation of “menopause”?

“Menopause” literally means “end of monthly cycles.” It refers to when women stop menstruating.

What is perimenopause, and how is it related to menopause?

Perimenopause is the time before menopause, with hormonal changes and irregular periods. “Peri” means “around” or “near,” and “menopause” is the base.

How do different languages translate the term “menopause”?

“Menopause” is translated differently in various languages. This shows cultural and medical term differences. For example, in French, it’s “ménopause,” and in Spanish, it’s “menopausia.”

What are hot flashes, and how are they related to menopause?

Hot flashes are a common symptom of menopause. They are sudden feelings of heat, often with sweating and flushing. They happen due to hormonal changes during menopause.

What are some alternative terms or euphemisms for menopause?

Terms like “the change of life” or “climacteric” are used for menopause. These terms vary by culture, showing different views on menopause.

How has the medical understanding of menopause evolved over time?

Our understanding of menopause has grown a lot. It has moved from old myths to clear medical definitions of the changes it brings.

What is the significance of understanding the etymology of “menopause”?

Knowing where “menopause” comes from helps us understand its importance in women’s health. It shows the value of using accurate medical terms.

Are there cultural variations in symptom reporting during menopause?

Yes, symptoms of menopause vary across cultures. Some cultures report different symptoms or how often they happen, like hot flashes.


References

National Center for Biotechnology Information. Evidence-Based Medical Guidance. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK507826/

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Prof. MD. Nihal Çallıoğlu Liv Hospital Topkapı Assoc. Prof. MD. Nihal Çallıoğlu Perinatology Assoc. Prof. MD. Semra Yüksel Liv Hospital Topkapı Assoc. Prof. MD. Semra Yüksel Obstetrics and Gynecology Asst. Prof. MD. Serhat Şen Liv Hospital Topkapı Asst. Prof. MD. Serhat Şen Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Elif Uysal Liv Hospital Topkapı Op. MD. Elif Uysal Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Haldun Celal Özben Liv Hospital Topkapı Op. MD. Haldun Celal Özben Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Meltem Özben Liv Hospital Topkapı Op. MD. Meltem Özben Obstetrics and Gynecology Prof. MD. İsmet Alkış Liv Hospital Topkapı Prof. MD. İsmet Alkış Obstetrics and Gynecology Assoc. Prof. MD.  Ümit Yasemin Sert Dinç Liv Hospital Ankara Assoc. Prof. MD. Ümit Yasemin Sert Dinç Obstetrics and Gynecology Assoc. Prof. MD. Aytac Jafarzade Liv Hospital Ankara Assoc. Prof. MD. Aytac Jafarzade Obstetrics and Gynecology Assoc. Prof. MD. Nazlı Topfedaisi Liv Hospital Ankara Assoc. Prof. MD. Nazlı Topfedaisi Obstetrics and Gynecology Assoc. Prof. MD. Nazlı Topfedaisi Özkan Liv Hospital Ankara Assoc. Prof. MD. Nazlı Topfedaisi Özkan Gynecological Oncology Op. MD. Gökhan Kılıç Liv Hospital Ankara Op. MD. Gökhan Kılıç Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Zeynep Ataman Yıldırım Liv Hospital Ankara Op. MD. Zeynep Ataman Yıldırım Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Çetin Arık Liv Hospital Ankara Op. MD. Çetin Arık Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Özge Şehirli Liv Hospital Ankara Op. MD. Özge Şehirli Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Özgül Kafadar Liv Hospital Ankara Op. MD. Özgül Kafadar Obstetrics and Gynecology Prof. MD. Mehmet Sinan Beksaç Liv Hospital Ankara Prof. MD. Mehmet Sinan Beksaç Obstetrics and Gynecology Prof. MD. Türkan Gülpınar Liv Hospital Ankara Prof. MD. Türkan Gülpınar Obstetrics and Gynecology Prof. MD. İbrahim Alanbay Liv Hospital Ankara Prof. MD. İbrahim Alanbay Obstetrics and Gynecology Assoc. Prof. MD. Ali Ovayolu Liv Hospital Gaziantep Assoc. Prof. MD. Ali Ovayolu Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Eda Deniz Atkın Liv Hospital Gaziantep Op. MD. Eda Deniz Atkın Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Hatice Şahin Bıkmaz Liv Hospital Gaziantep Op. MD. Hatice Şahin Bıkmaz Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Merve Evrensel Liv Hospital Gaziantep Op. MD. Merve Evrensel Obstetrics and Gynecology Spec. MD. Ayça Bozoklar Nuh Liv Hospital Gaziantep Spec. MD. Ayça Bozoklar Nuh Obstetrics and Gynecology MD. Gamze Keleş Liv Hospital Samsun MD. Gamze Keleş Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Hilal Mürüvvet Bulut Aydemir Liv Hospital Samsun Op. MD. Hilal Mürüvvet Bulut Aydemir Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Sami Şahin Liv Hospital Samsun Op. MD. Sami Şahin Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Seher Sarı Kayalarlı Liv Hospital Samsun Op. MD. Seher Sarı Kayalarlı Obstetrics and Gynecology MD. KAMRAN NAĞIYEV Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü MD. KAMRAN NAĞIYEV Obstetrics and Gynecology Spec. MD.  AYNURE HEMIDOVA Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. AYNURE HEMIDOVA Obstetrics and Gynecology Spec. MD. RAMİN QELENDEROV Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. RAMİN QELENDEROV Obstetrics and Gynecology Spec. MD. SEVİNC SERDARLI Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. SEVİNC SERDARLI Obstetrics and Gynecology Spec. MD. İLHAME ELDAROVA Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. İLHAME ELDAROVA Obstetrics and Gynecology Spec. MD. İRANE QORÇİYEVA Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. İRANE QORÇİYEVA Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Merve Akın Op. MD. Merve Akın Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Selda Atar Akal Op. MD. Selda Atar Akal Obstetrics and Gynecology Op. MD. Faik Tamer Sözen Liv Hospital Ulus + Liv Hospital Vadistanbul Op. MD. Faik Tamer Sözen Obstetrics and Gynecology Assoc. Prof. MD. Yusuf Başkıran Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir + Liv Hospital Topkapı Assoc. Prof. MD. Yusuf Başkıran Obstetrics and Gynecology
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Assoc. Prof. MD. Elif Göknur Topçu Obstetrics and Gynecology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Elif Göknur Topçu

Liv Hospital Ulus
Assoc. Prof. MD. Miraç Özalp Obstetrics and Gynecology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Miraç Özalp

Liv Hospital Ulus
Op. MD. Faik Tamer Sözen Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Faik Tamer Sözen

Liv Hospital Ulus
Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Op. MD. Kübra Karakolcu Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Kübra Karakolcu

Liv Hospital Ulus
Op. MD. Selin Çetinkal Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Selin Çetinkal

Liv Hospital Ulus
Op. MD. Sibel Malkoç Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Sibel Malkoç

Liv Hospital Ulus
Prof. MD.  Mustafa Alper Karalök Obstetrics and Gynecology

Prof. MD. Mustafa Alper Karalök

Liv Hospital Ulus
Prof. MD. Ayhan Sucak Obstetrics and Gynecology

Prof. MD. Ayhan Sucak

Liv Hospital Ulus
Prof. MD. K. Doğa Seçkin Obstetrics and Gynecology

Prof. MD. K. Doğa Seçkin

Liv Hospital Ulus
Assoc. Prof. MD. Gönül Özer Obstetrics and Gynecology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Gönül Özer

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Assoc. Prof. MD. Çağlar Çetin Obstetrics and Gynecology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Çağlar Çetin

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Op. MD. Altuğ Semiz Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Altuğ Semiz

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Op. MD. Asena Ayar Madenli Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Asena Ayar Madenli

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Op. MD. Burak Hazine Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Burak Hazine

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Op. MD. Gamze Baykan Özgüç Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Gamze Baykan Özgüç

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Op. MD. Nesime Damla İplik Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Nesime Damla İplik

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Op. MD. Ulviye Hanlı Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Ulviye Hanlı

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Prof. MD. Mehmet Serdar Kütük Obstetrics and Gynecology

Prof. MD. Mehmet Serdar Kütük

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Assoc. Prof. MD.  Müberra Namlı Kalem Obstetrics and Gynecology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Müberra Namlı Kalem

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Assoc. Prof. MD.  Ziya Kalem Obstetrics and Gynecology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Ziya Kalem

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Assoc. Prof. MD. Mine Dağgez Gynecological Oncology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Mine Dağgez

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Assoc. Prof. MD. Yusuf Başkıran Obstetrics and Gynecology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Yusuf Başkıran

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Liv Hospital Topkapı
Asst. Prof. MD. Bülent Tekin Obstetrics and Gynecology

Asst. Prof. MD. Bülent Tekin

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Obstetrics and Gynecology

Asst. Prof. MD. Kübra Irmak

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Op. MD. Alp Koray Kinter Gynecological Oncology

Op. MD. Alp Koray Kinter

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Op. MD. Ayşe Bilgen Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Ayşe Bilgen

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Op. MD. Betül Averbek Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Betül Averbek

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Op. MD. Billur Küpelioglu Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Billur Küpelioglu

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Op. MD. Cansu Kaya Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Cansu Kaya

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Op. MD. Deniz Sarıkaya Kalkan Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Deniz Sarıkaya Kalkan

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Op. MD. Selda Akal Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Selda Akal

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Spec. MD. Refaettin Şahin Perinatology

Spec. MD. Refaettin Şahin

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Assoc. Prof. MD. Nihal Çallıoğlu Perinatology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Nihal Çallıoğlu

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Assoc. Prof. MD. Semra Yüksel Obstetrics and Gynecology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Semra Yüksel

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Asst. Prof. MD. Serhat Şen Obstetrics and Gynecology

Asst. Prof. MD. Serhat Şen

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Op. MD. Elif Uysal Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Elif Uysal

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Op. MD. Haldun Celal Özben Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Haldun Celal Özben

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Op. MD. Meltem Özben Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Meltem Özben

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Prof. MD. İsmet Alkış Obstetrics and Gynecology

Prof. MD. İsmet Alkış

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Assoc. Prof. MD.  Ümit Yasemin Sert Dinç Obstetrics and Gynecology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Ümit Yasemin Sert Dinç

Liv Hospital Ankara
Assoc. Prof. MD. Aytac Jafarzade Obstetrics and Gynecology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Aytac Jafarzade

Liv Hospital Ankara
Assoc. Prof. MD. Nazlı Topfedaisi Obstetrics and Gynecology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Nazlı Topfedaisi

Liv Hospital Ankara
Assoc. Prof. MD. Nazlı Topfedaisi Özkan Gynecological Oncology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Nazlı Topfedaisi Özkan

Liv Hospital Ankara
Op. MD. Gökhan Kılıç Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Gökhan Kılıç

Liv Hospital Ankara
Op. MD. Zeynep Ataman Yıldırım Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Zeynep Ataman Yıldırım

Liv Hospital Ankara
Op. MD. Çetin Arık Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Çetin Arık

Liv Hospital Ankara
Op. MD. Özge Şehirli Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Özge Şehirli

Liv Hospital Ankara
Op. MD. Özgül Kafadar Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Özgül Kafadar

Liv Hospital Ankara
Prof. MD. Mehmet Sinan Beksaç Obstetrics and Gynecology

Prof. MD. Mehmet Sinan Beksaç

Liv Hospital Ankara
Prof. MD. Türkan Gülpınar Obstetrics and Gynecology

Prof. MD. Türkan Gülpınar

Liv Hospital Ankara
Prof. MD. İbrahim Alanbay Obstetrics and Gynecology

Prof. MD. İbrahim Alanbay

Liv Hospital Ankara
Assoc. Prof. MD. Ali Ovayolu Obstetrics and Gynecology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Ali Ovayolu

Liv Hospital Gaziantep
Op. MD. Eda Deniz Atkın Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Eda Deniz Atkın

Liv Hospital Gaziantep
Op. MD. Hatice Şahin Bıkmaz Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Hatice Şahin Bıkmaz

Liv Hospital Gaziantep
Op. MD. Merve Evrensel Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Merve Evrensel

Liv Hospital Gaziantep
Spec. MD. Ayça Bozoklar Nuh Obstetrics and Gynecology

Spec. MD. Ayça Bozoklar Nuh

Liv Hospital Gaziantep
MD. Gamze Keleş Obstetrics and Gynecology

MD. Gamze Keleş

Liv Hospital Samsun
Op. MD. Hilal Mürüvvet Bulut Aydemir Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Hilal Mürüvvet Bulut Aydemir

Liv Hospital Samsun
Op. MD. Sami Şahin Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Sami Şahin

Liv Hospital Samsun
Op. MD. Seher Sarı Kayalarlı Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Seher Sarı Kayalarlı

Liv Hospital Samsun
MD. KAMRAN NAĞIYEV Obstetrics and Gynecology

MD. KAMRAN NAĞIYEV

Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü
Spec. MD.  AYNURE HEMIDOVA Obstetrics and Gynecology

Spec. MD. AYNURE HEMIDOVA

Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü
Spec. MD. RAMİN QELENDEROV Obstetrics and Gynecology

Spec. MD. RAMİN QELENDEROV

Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü
Spec. MD. SEVİNC SERDARLI Obstetrics and Gynecology

Spec. MD. SEVİNC SERDARLI

Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü
Spec. MD. İLHAME ELDAROVA Obstetrics and Gynecology

Spec. MD. İLHAME ELDAROVA

Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü
Spec. MD. İRANE QORÇİYEVA Obstetrics and Gynecology

Spec. MD. İRANE QORÇİYEVA

Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü
Op. MD. Merve Akın Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Merve Akın

Op. MD. Selda Atar Akal Obstetrics and Gynecology

Op. MD. Selda Atar Akal

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