Last Updated on October 31, 2025 by
Kidney stones are a common problem in the U.S., affecting about 1 in 11 people at some point. Men are more likely than women to get kidney stones. Seeing blood in urine, known as hematuria, is a key sign of kidney stone disease why does kidney stone cause blood in urine.
At Liv Hospital, we offer top-notch urological care. We use the latest diagnostic tools. Knowing how kidney stone movement leads to hematuria helps us diagnose and treat quickly.
Key Takeaways
- Kidney stones are hard objects made of minerals and salts in urine that form inside the kidneys.
- The presence of blood in urine is a key indicator of kidney stone disease.
- Men are more likely to develop kidney stones than women.
- Understanding the reasons behind hematuria is key for effective diagnosis and treatment.
- Liv Hospital provides advanced diagnostic protocols for urological care.
Understanding Kidney Stones and Their Prevalence
Kidney stones are a big health issue that’s getting more common. They affect a lot of people. It’s important to know what they are, how often they happen, and who they affect more.
What Are Kidney Stones?
Kidney stones are hard, mineral-based deposits in the kidneys. They can cause a lot of pain and other symptoms. They can also lead to serious problems if not treated right.
They often form because of not drinking enough water, certain diets, and genetics.
Epidemiology: 1 in 11 Americans Experience Kidney Stones
About 1 in 11 people in the U.S. will get a kidney stone at some point. This means a lot of people suffer from this painful condition. The number of people getting kidney stones has gone up over the years.
Gender Differences: Why Men Are Affected Twice as Often
Men are more likely to get kidney stones than women, with men being affected about twice as often. The reasons for this are complex, including diet, lifestyle, and possibly hormones. Knowing these differences helps us find ways to prevent them.
The Connection Between Kidney Stones and Hematuria
Hematuria, or blood in urine, often shows up with kidney stones. This blood can be seen with the eye or found only with a microscope. Knowing how kidney stones and hematuria are linked is key to treating them.
Defining Hematuria: Visible vs. Microscopic Blood
Hematuria comes in two forms: gross and microscopic. Gross hematuria makes urine look pink, red, or cola-like. Microscopic hematuria, on the other hand, needs a test to spot.
Key differences between gross and microscopic hematuria:
| Characteristics | Gross Hematuria | Microscopic Hematuria |
| Visibility | Visible to the naked eye | Only detectable under a microscope |
| Urine Appearance | Pink, red, or cola-colored | Normal appearance |
| Diagnosis | Visual inspection | Urine test |
How Common is Blood in Urine with Kidney Stones?
Many patients with kidney stones have hematuria. It’s thought that up to 85% of them will see blood in their urine.
Why Some Patients (15%) Don’t Experience Hematuria
About 15% of patients with kidney stones don’t see blood in their urine. This can be due to the stone’s size and where it is, infections, or how their body works.
Understanding these factors is essential for healthcare providers to diagnose and treat kidney stones effectively.
Why Does Kidney Stone Cause Blood in Urine? The Mechanisms Explained
To understand why kidney stones cause blood in urine, we need to look at how these stones affect the urinary tract. Kidney stones can lead to several issues that cause bleeding in the urine.
Mechanical Trauma
Kidney stones can cause blood in urine due to mechanical trauma. As stones move, they can scratch the lining of the kidneys, ureters, and urethra. This scratching can cause bleeding, which shows up in the urine.
The stone’s movement is like a foreign object scraping against the internal tissues. This damage leads to bleeding in the urine.
Pressure and Inflammation from Urinary Blockages
Kidney stones can also cause blood in urine through pressure and inflammation from blockages. When a stone blocks the urinary tract, it stops urine flow. This creates high pressure that can make the tissues bleed.
The blockage also causes inflammation and more damage to the urinary tract lining. This makes the bleeding worse.
The Role of Stone Shape and Surface Texture in Bleeding
The shape and surface of kidney stones affect how much bleeding they cause. Stones with rough surfaces or jagged edges are more likely to cause damage. This is because they can scratch the urinary tract more easily.
On the other hand, smooth stones may cause less irritation and bleeding. The stone’s composition and characteristics play a big role in how much damage it can do.
In conclusion, kidney stones cause blood in urine through several mechanisms. These include mechanical trauma, pressure and inflammation from blockages, and the stone’s physical characteristics. Understanding these factors helps us see how complex the relationship between kidney stones and bleeding is.
Types of Kidney Stones and Their Impact on Bleeding
We will look at how different kidney stone types affect bleeding. Kidney stones vary in composition, size, and shape. These factors can change how likely and severe bleeding is.
Calcium Stones: The Most Common Type
Calcium stones make up about 75% of all kidney stones. They are mostly made of calcium oxalate. Their rough surface can cause a lot of bleeding by scratching the urinary tract lining.
Other Stone Compositions and Their Characteristics
Other types include uric acid, struvite, and cystine stones. Uric acid stones are common in those with gout or obesity. Struvite stones grow fast and are linked to UTIs. Cystine stones are rare and linked to a genetic disorder.
How Stone Composition Affects Bleeding Severity
The type of stone greatly affects bleeding risk. Stones with rough surfaces, like calcium oxalate, can cause more bleeding. Smoother stones may irritate less and cause less bleeding.
| Stone Type | Composition | Characteristics | Bleeding Severity |
| Calcium Stones | Calcium Oxalate | Rough surface, common | High |
| Uric Acid Stones | Uric Acid | Smooth, associated with gout | Low to Moderate |
| Struvite Stones | Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate | Associated with UTIs, can grow large | Moderate to High |
| Cystine Stones | Cystine | Rare, genetic disorder | Variable |
In conclusion, the type and composition of kidney stones are key in determining bleeding severity. Knowing these differences is vital for effective management and treatment of kidney stones.
Kidney Stone Locations and Their Symptomatic Differences
Knowing where kidney stones form and get stuck is key to treating them well. Stones can develop in different parts of the urinary system. Where they form affects the symptoms patients feel.
Where Kidney Stones Form and Become Lodged
Kidney stones usually start in the kidneys. But they can get stuck in the ureters and bladder too. The ureters are tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder. A stone stuck here can cause a lot of pain and other problems.
Stones in the kidneys often come from not drinking enough water, diet, and genes. When stones move to the ureters, they can block the flow. This leads to pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Can You Have Stones in Both Kidneys Simultaneously?
Yes, it’s possible to have stones in both kidneys at the same time. But it’s not always the case. Many factors, like health, lifestyle, and genes, play a role.
Having stones in both kidneys makes treatment harder. But having a stone in one kidney doesn’t mean the other will get one too.
How Location Affects Pain and Bleeding Patterns
The spot where a kidney stone is located changes how much pain and bleeding it causes. Stones stuck in the ureters hurt more because they block urine flow. This pain spreads from the back to the lower abdomen and groin.
Bleeding patterns also change based on the stone’s location. Stones that irritate or damage the urinary tract lining can cause blood in the urine. How much bleeding happens depends on the stone’s size, shape, and surface.
In summary, where kidney stones are located is very important. It affects the symptoms and problems they cause. Knowing this helps doctors diagnose and treat better.
The Pain Experience: How Bad Are Kidney Stones Really?
Kidney stone pain is often described as very severe. It feels sharp and can be very hard to handle. “The pain of passing a kidney stone is often compared to childbirth or being stabbed,” says a leading urologist.
Understanding the Intensity of Kidney Stone Pain
Kidney stone pain, also known as renal colic, is intense. It can spread from the back or side to the lower abdomen or groin. The pain can stay constant or come and go, depending on the stone’s size and location.
Pain from kidney stones is among the worst, studies show. It’s sharp and stabbing, and can make you feel sick to your stomach.
Do Kidney Stones Cause Stomach Pain?
Yes, kidney stones can cause stomach pain. This pain can spread to the lower abdomen and may make you feel nauseous or want to vomit. This happens because the nerves for the kidney and stomach are close together.
In some cases, the pain can feel like other serious issues like appendicitis or a stomach problem. But kidney stone pain is usually more intense and can spread to the groin or genital area.
Can You Pass a Kidney Stone Without Pain?
Passing a small kidney stone might not hurt much. But most people feel some discomfort or pain. The pain depends on the stone’s size and where it is.
Small stones that move quickly through the urinary tract might hurt less. But bigger stones stuck in the ureter can cause a lot of pain. “Some patients may pass small stones without even realizing it,” notes a urology specialist.
We want to stress that everyone feels kidney stone pain differently. The pain can vary a lot from person to person.
The Process of Passing Kidney Stones Through Urination
Kidney stones often need medical help, but sometimes they can pass on their own. We’ll look at how this happens, the pain involved, and what to expect.
Do You Have to Pee Kidney Stones Out?
Most kidney stones can be passed with urination. The time it takes depends on the stone’s size and where it is. Stones smaller than 5 mm usually pass in a few days to a week.
| Stone Size (mm) | Chance of Spontaneous Passage | Average Time to Pass |
| <5 | High | A few days to a week |
| 5-10 | Moderate | 1-4 weeks |
| >10 | Low | Variable, often requires medical intervention |
Does It Hurt to Pee Out a Kidney Stone?
Yes, passing a kidney stone can hurt, more so if it’s big or has sharp edges. The pain is usually in the flank or lower abdomen and can spread to the groin.
“The pain from passing a kidney stone is severe, often like childbirth or muscle cramps.”
What to Expect When Urinating Kidney Stones
Passing kidney stones can be uncomfortable or painful. Drinking lots of water helps the stone move more easily. Sometimes, doctors need to step in if the stone doesn’t pass or if problems come up.
Knowing how kidney stones pass through urination can ease worries. By understanding what to expect, patients can make better choices for their treatment.
Kidney Stone Size: From Small Crystals to Staghorn Calculi
Kidney stones come in all sizes, affecting symptoms and treatment. They can be tiny crystals or big staghorn calculi that fill the renal pelvis.
How Stone Size Affects Symptoms and Passage
The size of a kidney stone greatly impacts symptoms and treatment. Small stones might not cause symptoms and can pass easily. But larger stones can lead to severe pain, nausea, and vomiting.
We’ll look at how stone size affects symptoms. Stones 5 mm or smaller often pass on their own. But stones over 10 mm usually need medical help to pass.
Understanding Extreme Cases: Large Kidney Stones (10cm and Beyond)
In rare cases, kidney stones can grow very large, filling the renal pelvis. These staghorn calculi can harm the kidney and increase infection risk.
Large stones, over 10 cm, are rare but challenging to treat. They often need both medical and surgical approaches to manage symptoms and prevent complications.
The Relationship Between Stone Size and Bleeding Severity
The size of a kidney stone also affects bleeding severity. Larger stones cause more damage to the urinary tract, leading to more bleeding.
Here’s a table showing how stone size relates to bleeding severity:
| Stone Size (mm) | Likelihood of Bleeding | Severity of Bleeding |
| < 5 | Low | Mild |
| 5-10 | Moderate | Moderate |
| > 10 | High | Severe |
The table shows bigger stones lead to more bleeding. Knowing this helps manage patient expectations and guide treatment.
Age Factors in Kidney Stone Development
Kidney stones are influenced by many factors, with age being a big one. As people get older, their bodies change in ways that raise the risk of kidney stones.
What Age Can You Get Kidney Stones?
Kidney stones can happen at any age, but the risk goes up with age. Studies show that men over 80 years old face the highest risk.
Risk Factors Across Different Life Stages
Each life stage has its own risks for kidney stones. For example, older adults might move less and eat differently, which can lead to stones.
Why Some Age Groups Are More Vulnerable
Some age groups face a higher risk of kidney stones. This is due to hormonal changes, diet, and other health issues.
| Age Group | Risk Factors |
| Young Adults (20-40) | Dietary habits, family history, low fluid intake |
| Middle-Aged Adults (40-60) | Comorbid conditions (e.g., hypertension, diabetes), medication use |
| Older Adults (80+) | Decreased mobility, urinary retention, certain medications |
Understanding how age affects kidney stones helps doctors give better care. They can offer specific ways to prevent and treat stones in those at risk.
Diagnosing and Evaluating Kidney Stones
Healthcare providers use many methods to find kidney stones. They use imaging studies and urine tests. These tools help find stones, see their size and location, and decide on treatment.
Medical Tests for Confirming Kidney Stones
Doctors do several tests if they think you have kidney stones. These tests include:
- Urine tests to check for blood and infection signs
- Blood tests to see how the kidneys are working and for infection signs
As the American Urological Association says, “A detailed check is key to finding the right treatment for kidney stones.”
Imaging Techniques for Stone Detection
Imaging is key in finding kidney stones. The main methods are:
| Imaging Technique | Description | Advantages |
| Non-contrast CT scan | High-resolution images of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder | High sensitivity and specificity for detecting kidney stones |
| Ultrasound | Uses sound waves to create images of the kidneys and bladder | Non-invasive, no radiation exposure |
| X-ray | Plain radiographs of the abdomen | Quick and widely available, but less sensitive than CT scans |
Analyzing Passed Stones: What They Tell Your Doctor
Looking at a passed kidney stone helps a lot. It tells about the stone’s makeup, which helps find the cause and prevent more stones. Stone analysis involves:
- Chemical analysis to find out what the stone is made of (like calcium oxalate)
- Morphological examination to look at the stone’s shape and details
A study in the Journal of Urology says, “Stone analysis is vital. It helps in preventing and treating future stones.”
Treatment Approaches for Kidney Stones Causing Hematuria
Kidney stones that cause hematuria need a special treatment plan. This plan considers the stone’s size, location, and type. Blood in the urine makes the condition more complex, requiring a detailed approach to treat both the stones and the bleeding.
Conservative Management: Fluids and Pain Control
For smaller stones, a conservative approach is often the first step. This method aims to help the patient pass the stone naturally. It involves drinking more fluids and managing pain.
Key Components of Conservative Management:
- Increased fluid intake to help flush out the stone
- Pain management using medications such as NSAIDs or opioids
- Monitoring for signs of complications or stone passage
Medical Interventions: When Medications Help
Medical interventions may be needed for certain cases. These interventions aim to help pass the stone or manage symptoms. Medications like alpha-blockers can relax the ureter muscles, making it easier for the stone to pass.
Medical Interventions May Include:
- Alpha-blockers to facilitate stone passage
- Medications to control pain and nausea
- Treatment for underlying conditions that may be contributing to stone formation
Surgical Options: From Lithotripsy to Percutaneous Removal
For larger stones or those causing significant obstruction or bleeding, surgery is often necessary. Several surgical options are available, each suited for different situations.
| Surgical Option | Description | Indications |
| Lithotripsy | Non-invasive shockwave treatment to break up stones | Stones that are too large to pass on their own |
| Ureteroscopy | Direct visualization and removal of stones using a ureteroscope | Stones lodged in the ureter |
| Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy | Minimally invasive surgery to remove large stones directly from the kidney | Large or complex stones |
We will choose the best treatment based on the patient’s specific situation. We consider factors like stone size, location, and the presence of hematuria.
Conclusion: Managing and Preventing Future Kidney Stones
We’ve looked into how kidney stones and blood in urine are connected. We know why stones can cause blood in urine. To manage and prevent future stones, we need a plan that covers many areas.
Managing stones means making lifestyle changes and getting medical help. Drinking more water, changing your diet, and taking certain medicines can help stop stones from coming back. For example, people who get calcium stones might need to eat less oxalate and sodium.
Preventing stones also means knowing your own risk factors. This includes your family history, age, and any health problems you have. Doctors can then create a plan just for you to help prevent stones.
By following these steps, you can lower your chance of getting more kidney stones and the problems they can cause, like blood in urine. Our aim is to give you the knowledge and tools to handle your condition well.
FAQ
Do you have to pee out kidney stones?
Yes, often, kidney stones are passed through urination. This process can be painful but is a natural way to get rid of the stone.
Are kidney stones common?
Yes, kidney stones are quite common. About 1 in 11 Americans will get them.
Can you pass a kidney stone without pain?
Passing a kidney stone without pain is rare. Most people feel some pain during this process.
Do kidney stones cause stomach pain?
Yes, kidney stones can cause stomach pain. The pain is usually felt in the back or flank. But, some people might feel it in their stomach or belly.
Can you have stones in both kidneys?
Yes, it’s possible to have stones in both kidneys. This happens more often in people with certain health conditions.
Where are kidney stones located?
Kidney stones can form in the kidneys. They can also get stuck in the urinary tract, like the renal pelvis, ureters, or bladder.
How bad is a kidney stone?
Kidney stone symptoms can vary a lot. Some people might just feel a little discomfort. But others can have really bad pain, nausea, and vomiting.
Does it hurt to pee out a kidney stone?
Yes, passing a kidney stone can hurt. The pain can be different depending on the stone’s size and where it is.
What age can you get kidney stones?
Anyone can get kidney stones, but the risk goes up with age. Middle-aged men are more likely to get them.
Can you have kidney stones in both kidneys simultaneously?
Yes, it’s possible to have stones in both kidneys at once. This can happen for many reasons, like certain health conditions or family history.
How bad is a 10cm kidney stone?
A 10cm kidney stone is quite large. It can cause a lot of symptoms, like severe pain, bleeding, and trouble with urination.
Do you pee out kidney stones?
Yes, many times, kidney stones are passed through urination. It can be painful, but it’s a natural way for the body to get rid of the stone.
