Explore ENT diagnostic tests and evaluations used to identify ear, nose, and throat conditions.

Accurate diagnosis is the key to effective treatment. Explore the advanced tests we use, including endoscopy, hearing exams, and imaging, to pinpoint ENT conditions.

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Precision Mapping of the Head and Neck

In the complex anatomy of the head and neck, a millimeter of difference can mean the separation between a successful surgery and a complication. Diagnosing conditions in the Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) requires more than just a flashlight and a tongue depressor. It requires high-definition imaging, functional testing of microscopic hair cells, and real-time visualization of the airway.

At Liv Hospital, our diagnostic philosophy is “See, Measure, Treat.” We utilize a suite of advanced technologies—from Videostroboscopy for voice disorders to VNG (Videonystagmography) for dizziness—to pinpoint the exact physiological cause of your symptoms. For our international patients, this often means receiving a definitive diagnosis for a condition that has been “unexplained” or “misdiagnosed” for years in their home country.

The High-Definition Endoscopic Exam

The days of the doctor squinting into your ear or nose with a handheld light are over. At Liv Hospital, the cornerstone of our diagnosis is Rigid and Flexible Endoscopy.

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Nasal Endoscopy

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  • The Procedure: A thin, rigid tube with a high-definition camera and light is gently inserted into the nostril. A local anesthetic spray is used first, so there is no pain, only mild pressure.
  • What We See: We navigate the “caves” of your sinuses. We can see nasal polyps, a deviated septum (deep in the nose, not just at the front), signs of chronic infection (pus), and the openings of the Eustachian tubes.
  • Why It’s Superior: Standard X-rays miss 40% of sinus issues. Endoscopy sees the tissue in real color and real-time.
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Laryngoscopy (Throat Scope)

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  • The Procedure: A flexible fiber-optic scope is passed through the nose to hang just above the voice box (larynx).
  • What We See: We watch your vocal cords open and close as you speak and breathe. We check for nodules, cysts, paralysis, and signs of acid reflux (redness/swelling) on the back of the larynx.

Audiology: Measuring the World of Sound

Hearing loss is invisible. Our Audiology Department uses a battery of objective tests to measure not just if you hear, but how you hear.

Pure Tone Audiometry (The “Beep” Test)

This is the gold standard. You sit in a soundproof booth and raise your hand when you hear tones at different frequencies (pitch) and volumes (intensity).

  • Air Conduction: Sounds played through headphones test the whole ear.
  • Bone Conduction: A vibrator placed behind the ear sends sound directly to the inner ear, bypassing the eardrum.
    • The Insight: If bone conduction is good but air conduction is bad, you have a “Conductive Loss” (e.g., fluid or earwax) which is often fixable. If both are bad, it is “Sensorineural Loss” (nerve damage).

Tympanometry

This is not a hearing test; it is a pressure test. A soft probe is placed in the ear canal to change the air pressure slightly.

  • What It Tells Us: It measures how the eardrum moves. A “flat” line usually means there is fluid (Glue Ear) behind the drum or a hole (perforation).

BERA / ABR (Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry)

For babies who cannot raise their hand, or adults suspected of faking hearing loss, we use BERA.

  • The Tech: Electrodes are placed on the head (like an EEG). We play clicking sounds into the ear and measure the electrical waves the brainstem produces in response. It is 100% objective—you cannot “fail” this test on purpose.

The Vertigo Lab: Decoding Dizziness

Dizziness is one of the hardest symptoms to diagnose because it can stem from the ear, the brain, or the heart. Liv Hospital’s Balance Center differentiates these using Videonystagmography (VNG).

VNG Testing

  • The Concept: The inner ear controls eye movements (the Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex). If your ear is dizzy, your eyes will twitch in a specific rhythm called “Nystagmus.”
  • The Test: You wear specialized infrared goggles that track your pupils in total darkness. We then perform a series of tests:
    1. Tracking: Following lights on a screen.
    2. Positional: Moving your head and body into different positions.
    3. Caloric Testing: Blowing warm and cool air into the ear canal.
  • The Result: The pattern of eye twitching tells us exactly which ear is affected and whether the problem is in the crystal sensors (BPPV), the nerve (Neuritis), or the brain (Central Vertigo).

Radiologic Imaging

Before any major head and neck surgery, we need a 3D map.

CT Sinus (Computed Tomography)

For chronic sinusitis patients, a CT scan is mandatory.

  • Low-Dose Protocol: We use modern scanners that reduce radiation exposure significantly.
  • Navigation Protocol: If surgery is planned, the CT data is formatted to be loaded into our Surgical Navigation System, acting as a GPS during the operation.

MRI of the IAC (Internal Auditory Canal)

For patients with asymmetric hearing loss (hearing worse in one ear) or persistent tinnitus, we perform an MRI with contrast.

  • Why? To rule out an Acoustic Neuroma (Vestibular Schwannoma), a benign tumor growing on the hearing nerve. Early detection preserves facial function.

Neck Ultrasound

For thyroid nodules or swollen lymph nodes.

  • High Resolution: We can distinguish between a fluid-filled cyst (usually benign) and a solid mass (potentially suspicious). It guides our needle biopsies.

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Laryngology Diagnostics

Standard laryngoscopy shows the structure of the vocal cords, but Videostroboscopy shows their function.

Laryngeal Videostroboscopy

The vocal cords vibrate hundreds of times per second—too fast for the human eye to see.

  • The Magic: This device uses a strobe light synchronized to the pitch of your voice. It creates a “slow-motion” illusion, allowing the doctor to see the “mucosal wave” (the ripple effect on the cord surface).
  • Why It Matters: It detects stiffness, scarring, or tiny cysts that a standard scope misses. This is the essential test for singers and professional speakers.

The Anatomy of Snoring

Snoring is not just noise; it is vibration caused by obstruction. To cure it, we must find the choke point.

Polysomnography (Sleep Study)

The patient spends a night in our specialized “Sleep Suite” (which looks like a hotel room, not a lab).

  • What We Monitor: Brain waves, oxygen levels, heart rate, chest movement, and leg movement.
  • The Diagnosis: It tells us the severity of Apnea (AHI Score)—whether you stop breathing 5 times an hour (mild) or 50 times an hour (severe).

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE)

This is a game-changer for patients who failed CPAP or want surgery.

  • The Procedure: We induce a 15-minute “nap” in the operating room using anesthesia that mimics natural sleep. While you are snoring, the surgeon inserts a flexible scope to watch exactly what collapses.
  • The Result: We might see that your tongue falls back (needs robot surgery), your palate collapses (needs stiffening), or your epiglottis shuts like a trapdoor. This allows for Targeted Sleep Surgery.
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Biopsy Procedures

When a mass is found, we need to know what cells are inside.

Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA) Biopsy

Used for thyroid nodules and neck lumps.

  • Ultrasound-Guided: The doctor watches the needle on a screen entering the precise center of the nodule, avoiding blood vessels. It is quick (10 minutes), requires no stitches, and feels like a blood draw.
  • Rapid On-Site Evaluation (ROSE): In many cases, a pathologist is present during the biopsy to check the slide immediately and confirm we have enough cells, saving you a repeat visit.

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With patients from across the globe, we bring over three decades of medical

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What does a nasal endoscopy feel like?

It feels like a slight pressure and tickling sensation inside the nose; the area is numbed with a spray beforehand, so it is generally not painful but can be mildly uncomfortable.

Yes, a CT scan uses X-rays, but modern sinus protocols use very low radiation doses, often comparable to standard dental X-rays, to ensure patient safety.

A skin prick test typically takes about 20 to 30 minutes; the placement of the allergens takes a few minutes, and then you must wait about 15 minutes to see the skin’s reaction.

While a hearing test alone cannot diagnose a tumor, asymmetric hearing loss (hearing worse in one ear) is a red flag that often prompts an MRI to rule out a tumor on the auditory nerve.

Snoring is a symptom, but a sleep study is necessary to measure whether your oxygen levels drop and how often you stop breathing, which helps determine whether you need a CPAP machine or just a simple oral appliance.

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