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Circumcision Age Considerations: Safe Limits
Check circumcision age considerations carefully. Learn the safe limits and why adult procedures differ significantly from infant ones. Did you know that circumcision is one of the oldest and most debated surgical procedures in the world? It has different meanings in cultures and religions. The choice of when to get circumcised depends on many things. These include health benefits, cultural views, and how it affects a person’s mind.

Looking into the best time for circumcision shows it’s not simple. Knowing the right age for circumcision is key. We’ll look at the advantages of circumcision at different ages. We’ll also see how cultural views affect this choice.

Key Takeaways

  • The ideal age for circumcision varies based on medical, cultural, and psychological factors.
  • Cultural attitudes significantly influence the decision on when to undergo circumcision.
  • Medical benefits of circumcision differ at various stages of life.
  • Understanding the benefits and risks is key for making a smart choice.
  • The recommended age for circumcision is a topic of debate among doctors.

Understanding Circumcision: An Overview
word image 265809 2 LIV Hospital

Circumcision is a topic that touches on culture, religion, and health. It’s a surgery with many reasons across the world. We’ll dive into its different sides to get a full picture.

Definition and Purpose

Circumcision means removing the foreskin from the penis tip. It’s done for many reasons, like health benefits or cultural and religious beliefs. Medically, it helps prevent infections. Culturally, it marks important life stages or keeps things clean.

The decision to undergo circumcision involves considering various factors. These include cultural views, health reasons, and personal choices. Knowing why circumcision is done is key to making a good choice.

Cultural Significance

Circumcision holds deep meaning in many cultures. In Judaism and Islam, it’s a key religious act. In some African cultures, it marks a boy’s transition to manhood. It shows identity, community, and tradition.

It’s important to see circumcision’s cultural side. It’s more than just a medical procedure. It’s a big part of many societies’ lives.

Medical Benefits

From a health view, circumcision offers benefits. It lowers the risk of infections and cancer. It also makes keeping the area clean easier. But, it’s important to think about the surgery’s risks too.

Talking to doctors is a good idea. They can help understand circumcision’s health pros and cons. They give advice based on your health and situation.

Optimal Age for Circumcision
word image 265809 3 LIV Hospital

Choosing the right age for circumcision is a big decision. It involves looking at medical and cultural factors. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) offers guidelines to help parents and doctors make the best choice.

Newborn Circumcision

Newborn circumcision happens in the first few days of life. The AAP says it lowers the risk of urinary tract infections, STIs, and penile cancer. It’s also seen as safe and quick to heal.

Circumcision in Infancy

Circumcision in infancy is when it happens after the newborn stage but before 1 year. It’s generally safe and has similar benefits to newborn circumcision. But, the decision should be based on health and what parents want.

Recommended Age Guidelines

The AAP says parents should know the pros and cons of circumcision. They should make the decision based on their situation. While there’s no one “best” age, the AAP thinks newborn circumcision has the most benefits.

Age Group

Benefits

Risks/Considerations

Newborn (0-28 days)

Reduced risk of UTIs, STIs, and penile cancer; simple procedure with quick recovery

Potential for complications, though rare; parental decision based on individual circumstances

Infancy (1-12 months)

Similar benefits to newborn circumcision; safe when performed under appropriate medical conditions

Requires more recovery time than newborn circumcision; decision should be based on health and parental preference

Older Children/Adults

Can provide medical benefits, but the procedure is more complex and recovery longer

Increased risk of complications; significant pain and longer recovery

In the end, deciding on circumcision’s best age should involve talking to healthcare providers. It’s about following medical guidelines, respecting cultural practices, and personal beliefs.

Circumcision for Older Children

Deciding on circumcision for older kids involves many factors. These include emotional, medical, and practical aspects. Healthcare providers play a key role in guiding this decision.

Reasons for Delaying Circumcision

Parents might delay circumcision for personal, cultural, or medical reasons. Some want their child to have a say in the decision, which can be emotionally significant. Others might follow cultural or religious beliefs that don’t require circumcision at birth.

Delaying circumcision can be about involving the child or addressing medical issues that come with age. It’s important for parents to talk to a healthcare provider about their reasons. This helps understand the implications of their choice.

Potential Complications

Circumcision is usually safe, but older kids face specific risks. These include infection, bleeding, and reactions to anesthesia. Proper post-operative care is key to avoiding these issues.

Older kids might also feel emotional distress after the procedure. It’s vital for parents to prepare them well and offer support during recovery.

The Role of Anesthesia

Anesthesia is vital for managing pain in older kids during circumcision. The choice of anesthesia depends on the child’s age, health, and the doctor’s preference. Effective pain management is essential for the child’s comfort and to reduce anxiety.

Doctors will discuss anesthesia options with parents. They’ll talk about the benefits and risks of each. This is a critical part of the informed consent process, helping parents make a well-informed decision.

Adult Circumcision: When Is It Too Late?

Deciding on circumcision as an adult is a big choice. It involves medical, psychological, and personal reasons. Understanding these aspects is key for men thinking about it.

Medical Reasons for Adult Circumcision

Adult circumcision is often needed for health reasons. This includes phimosis, where the foreskin can’t be pulled back. It also helps with balanitis, an inflammation of the glans, and some STIs.

Medical Benefits: It can lower the risk of STIs like HIV. It may also cut down on UTIs and penile cancer. These points are important for men thinking about it.

Psychological Considerations

The mental side of adult circumcision is important. Some men worry about it, while others feel better about themselves after it.

Emotional Preparation: Men need to get ready for the changes circumcision brings. This includes knowing how it might affect sex and hygiene, and the healing time.

Risks and Benefits

Adult circumcision has its own risks and benefits. Knowing these is key for making a good choice.

  • Benefits: Better hygiene, less chance of some STIs, and possibly less penile cancer.
  • Risks: Complications like infection, bleeding, and scarring, and how it might affect sex.

It’s important to think about these carefully. Getting advice from a healthcare provider is vital for men considering circumcision.

The Decision-Making Process

Choosing circumcision involves many factors. It’s a big decision that affects the person and their family. So, it’s important to understand all the aspects involved.

Factors to Consider

There are several things to think about when deciding on circumcision. These include medical benefits, cultural or religious beliefs, and personal preferences. It’s essential to weigh these factors carefully to make an informed decision.

  • Medical benefits and possible risks
  • Cultural or religious significance
  • Personal or family preferences

Consultation with Healthcare Providers

Healthcare providers are key in making this decision. They give counseling and guidance based on the latest research. Talking to healthcare providers helps families understand the procedure’s implications and make an informed choice.

“Healthcare providers are not just treating a condition; they are counseling patients and families, helping them make informed decisions that are right for them.”

— A healthcare professional

Informed Consent

Informed consent is a critical part of the decision-making process. It means understanding the procedure, its benefits, and risks. Ensuring that individuals or their guardians are fully informed is a legal and ethical requirement.

The importance of informed consent cannot be overstated. It’s about respecting the autonomy of individuals and their right to make decisions about their own bodies or those of their children.

Cultural and Religious Considerations

Circumcision is a ritual in many cultures and religions, carrying deep meaning. It is closely tied to cultural identity and religious beliefs.

Circumcision in Judaism and Islam

In Judaism, circumcision is called Brit Milah. It’s done on the eighth day after birth. It marks the covenant between God and the Jewish people.

In Islam, circumcision is also important. It’s often done in childhood, but the timing can vary. Both religions see circumcision as a sign of faith and a rite of passage.

Circumcision is not just religious; it’s also cultural. In Judaism, the ceremony is a family and community event. It shows the importance of circumcision in these cultures.

Other Cultural Practices

Circumcision is practiced in many ways around the world. In some African cultures, it marks a boy’s transition to manhood. It includes rituals and teachings for the community.

In Pacific Island cultures, circumcision is part of initiation rites. These practices highlight the diversity of circumcision worldwide. It’s important to respect these differences in a multicultural society.

Respecting Diverse Beliefs

In today’s global world, respecting circumcision beliefs is key. Healthcare providers must consider their patients’ cultural and religious backgrounds. This ensures care that is respectful and fitting.

Understanding cultural attitudes towards circumcision is vital. Healthcare providers can then offer care that is more personalized and respectful.

Culture/Religion

Significance of Circumcision

Typical Age of Circumcision

Judaism

Brit Milah, covenant with God

8th day after birth

Islam

Symbol of faith and purity

Varies, often in childhood

Some African Cultures

Rite of passage into manhood

Varies, often during puberty

Understanding circumcision’s cultural and religious aspects helps us appreciate its complexity. This knowledge is essential for compassionate and informed care.

Risks Associated with Late Circumcision

Late circumcision can lead to health risks. It’s important to know the possible complications. We’ll look at the surgical, infectious, and long-term health risks of circumcision at older ages.

Surgical Complications

Circumcision is a surgery with risks, no matter the age. The risks might be higher when done later in life. Surgical complications can include bleeding, infection, and damage to the penis.

“The risk of complications following circumcision is higher in older males, stressing the importance of careful consideration and consultation with healthcare providers.”

Infection and Healing Challenges

One big risk of late circumcision is infection. Older people might face a higher risk due to health issues. Proper wound care and follow-up are key to avoid these risks.

Healing can also take longer in older adults. This can make recovery slower.

  • Increased risk of infection
  • Slower healing process
  • Potential for scarring

Long-term Impact

The long-term effects of late circumcision are important to consider. Research shows circumcision at an older age might have different health outcomes than when done as a newborn. For example, some studies suggest it might lower the risk of certain STIs.

But, the benefits must be weighed against the risks. It’s important to talk to healthcare providers about these risks.

Potential Benefits

Potential Risks

Reduced risk of certain STIs

Surgical complications

Improved genital hygiene

Infection and healing challenges

Potential reduction in penile cancer risk

Long-term sexual or urinary function impacts

In conclusion, circumcision at any age has its benefits and risks. But, the risks are higher when done later in life. Talking to healthcare providers and understanding your health can help manage these risks.

Circumcision Alternatives

When deciding on circumcision, understanding the alternatives is key. Parents must consider many factors. These include medical benefits, cultural practices, and personal beliefs.

Non-Surgical Options

For parents unsure about surgical circumcision, there are non-surgical choices. These include:

  • Topical Steroid Application: This method uses steroid creams to help the foreskin retract.
  • Forced Retraction: Though not often suggested, some doctors might recommend gentle retraction exercises.
  • Preputioplasty: A less invasive surgery that makes small incisions to help the foreskin retract naturally.

Expectant Management

Expectant management means watching the child without immediate action. It’s based on the idea that many boys will have a retractile foreskin as they get older.

Key considerations for expectant management include:

  1. Regular check-ups with a healthcare provider to monitor the foreskin’s development.
  2. Good hygiene practices to prevent infections.
  3. Education on proper foreskin care to avoid complications.

Considerations for Parents

Parents should think about several things when considering alternatives to circumcision. These include:

  • The child’s overall health and any medical conditions.
  • Cultural or religious beliefs that may influence the decision.
  • The risks and benefits of each alternative.

By carefully evaluating these factors and talking to a healthcare provider, parents can make an informed choice. This choice is best for their child.

Financial Aspects of Circumcision

It’s important for families to know the financial side of circumcision. The cost can change a lot based on where you are, who does it, and your insurance.

Cost Breakdown

The cost of circumcision includes several parts. These are:

  • Physician fees
  • Facility charges
  • Anesthesia costs
  • Pre- and post-operative care

Average Costs: The average cost can be between $500 and $2,000. This depends on how complex the procedure is and who does it.

Service

Low-Cost Estimate

High-Cost Estimate

Physician Fees

$200

$800

Facility Charges

$100

$500

Anesthesia

$100

$300

Pre- and Post-operative Care

$100

$400

Total

$500

$2,000

Health Insurance Coverage

Insurance coverage for circumcision varies a lot. Some plans cover it fully, while others might make you pay a bit or need a deductible.

It’s essential to talk to your insurance to see what they cover.

Economic Factors

Economic factors are big in deciding about circumcision. Families need to think about the upfront cost and any long-term savings or costs.

Some studies say circumcision might lower the risk of health problems. This could save money on healthcare costs later on.

We suggest talking to your healthcare provider about these points. This way, you can make a well-informed choice.

Personal Stories and Experiences

Stories about circumcision show a mix of feelings, beliefs, and results. They help those making similar choices. These tales give insight into the personal and family sides of circumcision. They also show the many views and experiences linked to this procedure.

Voices from Families

Parents who chose circumcision for their kids often had different reasons. These reasons include culture, religion, and health. For example, some parents talked about making this choice. They weighed the good against the bad.

One mom said,

“We chose circumcision for our son because of health issues in our family. The whole thing went better than we thought, and we’re thankful for our doctor’s help.”

These stories show how important it is to make an informed choice. They also highlight the role of doctors in helping families decide.

Adult Experiences

Adults who got circumcised later in life share their own stories. Their reasons and results can differ from those who got it as kids. Adults might get circumcised for health reasons, like phimosis.

One adult said,

“Getting circumcised as an adult was a big choice for me. It was for health and hygiene reasons. It’s made my life better, and I’m happy with it.”

Understanding Perceptions and Misconceptions

Many people have wrong ideas about circumcision. These ideas come from culture, society, and personal views. Some worry because they don’t know much about circumcision.

Common Misconceptions

Reality

Circumcision is extremely painful.

While pain is a concern, modern medical practices include effective pain management strategies.

Circumcision leads to significant complications.

Serious complications are rare when the procedure is performed by experienced healthcare professionals.

Circumcision affects sexual function negatively.

Research on the impact of circumcision on sexual function is mixed, with some studies suggesting minimal long-term effects.

Sharing personal stories can help clear up these wrong ideas. It gives a clearer view of circumcision.

Conclusion: Making an Informed Choice

When it comes to circumcision, making an informed choice is key. We’ve looked at many sides of circumcision, from what it is to when it’s best to do it.

Key Considerations

It’s important to think about medical benefits, cultural and religious views, and risks at different ages. These factors help people make choices that fit their own needs.

Fostering Open Discussion

Talking openly about circumcision is essential. It helps people and families understand the procedure better. Sharing stories and views can deepen our understanding.

In the end, we believe in a careful and informed approach to circumcision age. By considering all factors and talking openly, we can make choices that are good for our health and values.

FAQ

What is the recommended age for circumcision?

The American Academy of Pediatrics says circumcision’s benefits outweigh the risks. But, they don’t pick a specific age. It can be done from newborn to adult.

What are the benefits of circumcision at different ages?

Circumcision’s benefits change with age. Newborns have less risk of urinary tract and STI infections. Infants and young children also see these benefits. Adults can have less risk of STIs and penile cancer.

What are the risks associated with late circumcision?

Late circumcision, for older kids or adults, has more risks. These include infection, bleeding, and scarring. Older patients might also feel more emotional distress.

How do cultural attitudes influence the decision on circumcision age?

Cultural and religious views greatly affect circumcision age choices. For example, Judaism and Islam often do it young as a religious act. Healthcare providers need to understand these views to offer sensitive care.

What is the role of healthcare providers in counseling on circumcision?

Healthcare providers are key in guiding families on circumcision. They share info on benefits, risks, and options. This helps families make choices that fit their needs and culture.

What are the long-term outcomes of circumcision?

Circumcision can lower risks of UTIs and STIs. It might also cut down penile cancer risk. But, it’s not without risks, and these should be weighed carefully.

Are there alternatives to circumcision?

Yes, there are non-surgical options and expectant management. Talking to healthcare providers can help find the best choice for each situation.

How does circumcision affect male anatomy and health?

Circumcision removes the foreskin, impacting male anatomy. It’s linked to health benefits like lower infection and cancer risk. But, it’s important to consider both benefits and risks.

What are the financial implications of circumcision?

Circumcision costs vary by location, provider, and insurance. Families should talk to providers and insurers to understand the costs.

How can families make informed decisions about circumcision?

Families can make informed choices by talking to healthcare providers. They should understand the benefits and risks and consider their values. Open discussions help make the right decision for them.

Reference

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4441785

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Nesrin Köseoğlu Pediatric and Adolescent Psychiatry Spec. MD. Seçil Sözen Liv Hospital Topkapı Spec. MD. Seçil Sözen Pediatrics Spec. MD. Özge Akça Liv Hospital Topkapı Spec. MD. Özge Akça Pediatrics Spec. MD. Şeyma Öz Liv Hospital Topkapı Spec. MD. Şeyma Öz Pediatrics Asst. Prof. MD. Pakize Elif Alkış Liv Hospital Ankara Asst. Prof. MD. Pakize Elif Alkış Pediatrics Prof. MD. Musa Kazım Çağlar Liv Hospital Ankara Prof. MD. Musa Kazım Çağlar Pediatrics Prof. MD. İbrahim Hakan Bucak Liv Hospital Ankara Prof. MD. İbrahim Hakan Bucak Pediatrics Prof.MD. Sevgi Başkan Liv Hospital Ankara Prof.MD. Sevgi Başkan Pediatrics Spec. MD. Büşra Süzen Celbek Liv Hospital Ankara Spec. MD. Büşra Süzen Celbek Pediatrics Spec. MD. Galip Erdem Liv Hospital Ankara Spec. MD. Galip Erdem Pediatrics Spec. MD. Hafsa Uçur Liv Hospital Ankara Spec. MD. Hafsa Uçur Pediatric Health and Diseases Spec. MD. Hidayet Katipoğlu Liv Hospital Ankara Spec. MD. Hidayet Katipoğlu Pediatric Health and Diseases Spec. MD. Hüsniye Altan Liv Hospital Ankara Spec. MD. Hüsniye Altan Pediatrics Spec. MD. Mehmet Turfanda Liv Hospital Ankara Spec. MD. Mehmet Turfanda Pediatric Health and Diseases Spec. MD. Mustafa Yücel Kızıltan Liv Hospital Ankara Spec. MD. Mustafa Yücel Kızıltan Pediatrics Spec. MD.  Seral Navdar Liv Hospital Gaziantep Spec. MD. Seral Navdar Pediatric Health and Diseases Spec. MD. Gül Balyemez Liv Hospital Gaziantep Spec. MD. Gül Balyemez Pediatric Health and Diseases Spec. MD. Hasan Avşar Liv Hospital Gaziantep Spec. MD. Hasan Avşar Neonatology Spec. MD. Mert Çakır Liv Hospital Gaziantep Spec. MD. Mert Çakır Pediatrics Spec. MD. Saltuk Buğra Böke Liv Hospital Gaziantep Spec. MD. Saltuk Buğra Böke Pediatric Health and Diseases Spec. MD. Özlem Karaoğlu Liv Hospital Gaziantep Spec. MD. Özlem Karaoğlu Pediatric Health and Diseases Spec. MD. İsmail Ersan Can Liv Hospital Gaziantep Spec. MD. İsmail Ersan Can Pediatric Health and Diseases Spec. MD. Şekibe Zehra Doğan Liv Hospital Gaziantep Spec. MD. Şekibe Zehra Doğan Pediatric Health and Diseases Spec. MD. Gülsenem Sarı Aracı Liv Hospital Samsun Spec. MD. Gülsenem Sarı Aracı Pediatric Health and Diseases Spec. MD. Nazlı Karakullukcu Çebi Liv Hospital Samsun Spec. MD. Nazlı Karakullukcu Çebi Pediatrics Spec. MD. Nezih Akgün Liv Hospital Samsun Spec. MD. Nezih Akgün Pediatric Health and Diseases Spec. MD. Pelin Aytaç Uras Liv Hospital Samsun Spec. MD. Pelin Aytaç Uras Pediatrics MD. VEFA İSAYEVA Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü MD. VEFA İSAYEVA Pediatric Health and Diseases Spec. MD.  Elnur Hüseynov Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. Elnur Hüseynov Pediatrics Spec. MD. INARE ELDAROVA Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. INARE ELDAROVA Pediatrics Spec. MD. SADİQ İSMAYILOV Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. SADİQ İSMAYILOV Pediatric Health and Diseases MD. Dr. Elnur Hüseynov MD. Dr. Elnur Hüseynov Pediatrics Spec. MD. Doğa Sevinçok Spec. MD. Doğa Sevinçok Pediatric and Adolescent Psychiatry Spec. MD. Sadık İsmayılov Pediatrics Assoc. Prof. MD. Muhammet Ali Varkal Liv Hospital Ulus + Liv Hospital Topkapı Assoc. Prof. MD. Muhammet Ali Varkal Pediatrics Spec. MD. Melike Akar Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir + Liv Hospital Topkapı Spec. MD. Melike Akar Pediatrics
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Assoc. Prof. MD. Muhammet Ali Varkal Pediatrics

Assoc. Prof. MD. Muhammet Ali Varkal

Liv Hospital Ulus
Liv Hospital Topkapı
Spec. MD. Gizem Güvener Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Gizem Güvener

Liv Hospital Ulus
Spec. MD. Osman Karlı Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Osman Karlı

Liv Hospital Ulus
Spec. MD. Tamer Ünver Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)

Spec. MD. Tamer Ünver

Liv Hospital Ulus
Assoc. Prof. MD. Adem Dursun Pediatrics

Assoc. Prof. MD. Adem Dursun

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Psyc. Selenay Yücel Keleş Pediatric Psychology

Psyc. Selenay Yücel Keleş

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Spec. MD.  Fatih Aydın Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Fatih Aydın

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Spec. MD. Dicle Çelik Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Dicle Çelik

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Spec. MD. Elif Erdem Özcan Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Elif Erdem Özcan

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Spec. MD. Hilal Kızıldağ Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Hilal Kızıldağ

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Spec. MD. Mehmet Kılıç Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Mehmet Kılıç

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Spec. MD. Ozan Uzunhan Neonatology

Spec. MD. Ozan Uzunhan

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Spec. MD. Selami Bayrakdar Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Selami Bayrakdar

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Spec. MD. Semra Akkuş Akman Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Semra Akkuş Akman

Liv Hospital Vadistanbul
Asst. Prof. MD. Doruk Gül Pediatric Health and Diseases

Asst. Prof. MD. Doruk Gül

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Prof. MD. Murat Sütçü Pediatric Health and Diseases

Prof. MD. Murat Sütçü

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Prof. MD. Nihat Demir Pediatrics

Prof. MD. Nihat Demir

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Psyc. (Psychologist) Buse Yağmur Pediatric Psychology

Psyc. (Psychologist) Buse Yağmur

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Spec. MD. Cansu Muluk Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Cansu Muluk

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Spec. MD. Dilek Hatipoğlu Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. Dilek Hatipoğlu

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Spec. MD. Duygu Amine Garavi Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Duygu Amine Garavi

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Spec. MD. Fatih Kaya Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. Fatih Kaya

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Spec. MD. Günel Nüsretzade Elmar Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Günel Nüsretzade Elmar

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Spec. MD. Melike Akar Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Melike Akar

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Liv Hospital Topkapı
Spec. MD. Mey Talip Pediatric Intensive Care

Spec. MD. Mey Talip

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Spec. MD. Negın Nahanmoghaddam Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Negın Nahanmoghaddam

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Spec. MD. Nushaba Abdullayeva Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. Nushaba Abdullayeva

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Spec. MD. Refika İlbakan Hanımeli Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Refika İlbakan Hanımeli

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Spec. MD. Selman Alazab Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Selman Alazab

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Spec. MD. Özden Durmuş Gönültaş Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Özden Durmuş Gönültaş

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Spec. Md. Öznur Ceylan Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. Md. Öznur Ceylan

Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir
Assoc. Prof. MD. Aslan Yılmaz Neonatology

Assoc. Prof. MD. Aslan Yılmaz

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Prof. MD. Alpay Çakmak Pediatrics

Prof. MD. Alpay Çakmak

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Spec. MD. Demet Deniz Bilgin Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Demet Deniz Bilgin

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Spec. MD. Nesrin Köseoğlu Pediatric and Adolescent Psychiatry

Spec. MD. Nesrin Köseoğlu

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Spec. MD. Seçil Sözen Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Seçil Sözen

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Spec. MD. Özge Akça Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Özge Akça

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Spec. MD. Şeyma Öz Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Şeyma Öz

Liv Hospital Topkapı
Asst. Prof. MD. Pakize Elif Alkış Pediatrics

Asst. Prof. MD. Pakize Elif Alkış

Liv Hospital Ankara
Prof. MD. Musa Kazım Çağlar Pediatrics

Prof. MD. Musa Kazım Çağlar

Liv Hospital Ankara
Prof. MD. İbrahim Hakan Bucak Pediatrics

Prof. MD. İbrahim Hakan Bucak

Liv Hospital Ankara
Prof.MD. Sevgi Başkan Pediatrics

Prof.MD. Sevgi Başkan

Liv Hospital Ankara
Spec. MD. Büşra Süzen Celbek Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Büşra Süzen Celbek

Liv Hospital Ankara
Spec. MD. Galip Erdem Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Galip Erdem

Liv Hospital Ankara
Spec. MD. Hafsa Uçur Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. Hafsa Uçur

Liv Hospital Ankara
Spec. MD. Hidayet Katipoğlu Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. Hidayet Katipoğlu

Liv Hospital Ankara
Spec. MD. Hüsniye Altan Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Hüsniye Altan

Liv Hospital Ankara
Spec. MD. Mehmet Turfanda Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. Mehmet Turfanda

Liv Hospital Ankara
Spec. MD. Mustafa Yücel Kızıltan Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Mustafa Yücel Kızıltan

Liv Hospital Ankara
Spec. MD.  Seral Navdar Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. Seral Navdar

Liv Hospital Gaziantep
Spec. MD. Gül Balyemez Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. Gül Balyemez

Liv Hospital Gaziantep
Spec. MD. Hasan Avşar Neonatology

Spec. MD. Hasan Avşar

Liv Hospital Gaziantep
Spec. MD. Mert Çakır Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Mert Çakır

Liv Hospital Gaziantep
Spec. MD. Saltuk Buğra Böke Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. Saltuk Buğra Böke

Liv Hospital Gaziantep
Spec. MD. Özlem Karaoğlu Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. Özlem Karaoğlu

Liv Hospital Gaziantep
Spec. MD. İsmail Ersan Can Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. İsmail Ersan Can

Liv Hospital Gaziantep
Spec. MD. Şekibe Zehra Doğan Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. Şekibe Zehra Doğan

Liv Hospital Gaziantep
Spec. MD. Gülsenem Sarı Aracı Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. Gülsenem Sarı Aracı

Liv Hospital Samsun
Spec. MD. Nazlı Karakullukcu Çebi Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Nazlı Karakullukcu Çebi

Liv Hospital Samsun
Spec. MD. Nezih Akgün Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. Nezih Akgün

Liv Hospital Samsun
Spec. MD. Pelin Aytaç Uras Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Pelin Aytaç Uras

Liv Hospital Samsun
MD. VEFA İSAYEVA Pediatric Health and Diseases

MD. VEFA İSAYEVA

Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü
Spec. MD.  Elnur Hüseynov Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Elnur Hüseynov

Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü
Spec. MD. INARE ELDAROVA Pediatrics

Spec. MD. INARE ELDAROVA

Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü
Spec. MD. SADİQ İSMAYILOV Pediatric Health and Diseases

Spec. MD. SADİQ İSMAYILOV

Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü
MD. Dr. Elnur Hüseynov Pediatrics

MD. Dr. Elnur Hüseynov

Spec. MD. Doğa Sevinçok Pediatric and Adolescent Psychiatry

Spec. MD. Doğa Sevinçok

Pediatrics

Spec. MD. Sadık İsmayılov

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