Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung disease where the airways become permanently damaged, widened,scarred, leading to excessive mucus buildup, chronic infection.
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Bronchiectasis is a chronic (long-lasting) and progressive lung problem. It happens when the large airways in the lungs (bronchi) become permanently widened and scarred. This damage is irreversible. Inside these airways, tiny hairs called cilia break down, so they cannot effectively push mucus out of the lungs. This causes mucus to build up and get stuck, leading to frequent infections.
The scope of bronchiectasis is defined by a harmful, self-fueling cycle where infection and damage perpetually worsen the condition. This process severely limits overall lung function over time:
It is essential to distinguish bronchiectasis from other chronic lung diseases, as misdiagnosis can lead to ineffective treatment and delayed management of the underlying cause.
Bronchiectasis is grouped based on what originally caused it. Finding this underlying cause is critical because treating the cause is the only way to slow down the disease and keep it from getting worse. This grouping helps doctors find the specific types of bronchiectasis.
Bronchiectasis seriously harms the lungs, but because it is chronic and causes constant infection, it also has major effects on the heart and overall body health.
The comprehensive management of bronchiectasis needs a team of specialists working closely together (multidisciplinary care or MDC). This is because the disease is complex, can have many different causes, and requires strict control of infections.
Bronchiectasis holds significant importance in medicine because it is a progressive, chronic disease that requires highly motivated, lifelong patient adherence to complex daily treatments. It is also an important marker of serious, often undiagnosed, underlying systemic illnesses.
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Bronchiectasis is the permanent widening and damage of the airways. A specialist manages the infection and teaches airway clearance techniques to prevent chronic mucus buildup.
Bronchiectasis is caused by previous severe lung infections (like pneumonia or TB) or by underlying genetic or immune disorders, such as Cystic Fibrosis or immune deficiencies.
The types are classified by cause: Cystic Fibrosis (CF) bronchiectasis and Non-Cystic Fibrosis (NCF) bronchiectasis, which includes post-infectious and immune causes.
You should see a pulmonologist immediately if you have a persistent, daily cough that produces a large amount of pus-filled or colored sputum, especially following a severe respiratory infection.
Bronchiectasis is permanent dilation of the large airways due to chronic infection. COPD is damage to the small airways and air sacs, mainly due to smoking.
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