Dental Fillings Diagnosis and Evalution

Oral Health Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

Dentistry focuses on diagnosing, preventing, and treating conditions of the teeth, gums, and oral structures, supporting oral health and overall well-being.

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Diagnosis and Evaluation

The diagnostic phase for dental fillings at Liv Hospital is a rigorous, multi-modal process designed to detect caries lesions at their earliest, most treatable stages. We do not rely solely on visual inspection; instead, we employ a synthesis of clinical examination, advanced radiographic imaging, and optical technologies to evaluate the integrity of the tooth structure. The goal is to determine the extent of the demineralization, the status of the existing restorations, and the vitality of the underlying pulp. Accurate diagnosis is the prerequisite for minimally invasive dentistry, ensuring that we remove only irreversibly damaged tissue while preserving as much healthy biological structure as possible. This comprehensive evaluation also allows for an accurate estimation of dental charges for fillings, providing patients with transparency regarding their treatment plan.

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Clinical Examination Protocols

DENTISTRY

The hands-on assessment remains the foundation of dental diagnosis.

Visual and Tactile Inspection

  • Surface Integrity: The clinician examines the teeth under high-intensity light and magnification (e.g., loupes or a microscope). We look for changes in enamel translucency, shadowing under the marginal ridges, and cavitation.
  • Tactile Feedback: While the traditional “stick” of a dental explorer is less relied upon today due to the risk of damaging demineralized enamel, careful tactile assessment is used to check the margins of existing restorations for gaps or overhangs.
  • Dry Field Inspection: Teeth must be thoroughly dried with air to detect “white spot lesions”—the earliest sign of enamel demineralization. Wet enamel can mask these subtle optical changes.

Caries Risk Assessment (CAMBRA)

We utilize the “Caries Management by Risk Assessment” protocol. This involves evaluating the patient’s saliva flow, dietary sugar frequency, fluoride exposure, and bacterial load. This biological profiling helps us decide whether to intervene surgically with a dental filling or to pursue remineralization therapies for incipient lesions.

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Radiographic Diagnosis (Imaging)

DENTISTRY

Imaging is indispensable for detecting interproximal (between teeth) decay and deep recurrent caries.

  • Bitewing Radiographs: The gold standard for diagnosing proximal caries. They reveal radiolucent (dark) triangles in the enamel and dentin where minerals have been dissolved. They also allow for the assessment of bone levels and the fit of existing restorations.
  • Periapical Radiographs: Used to assess the depth of deep lesions relative to the pulp chamber and to check for periapical pathology (abscesses) that would contraindicate a simple filling.
  • Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): In complex cases, 3D imaging may be used to evaluate the extent of resorption or the precise relationship of deep caries to the pulp horns.

Advanced Optical Diagnostic Technologies

Before placing a dental filling, particularly in deep lesions, the health of the nerve must be confirmed.

  • Thermal Testing: Using a cold spray (Endo-Ice) to verify that the A-delta fibers are responsive. A typical response (sharp pain that subsides quickly) confirms a vital pulp suitable for a filling. A lingering response suggests irreversible pulpitis, while no response suggests necrosis.

Electric Pulp Testing (EPT): Used to confirm neural integrity in equivocal cases.

Evaluating Existing Restorations

Diagnosis also involves assessing the serviceability of current fillings.

  • Marginal Integrity: Checking for “ditching” or gaps where the old amalgam dental filling material or composite has pulled away from the tooth.
  • Structural Failure: Identifying fractures within the body of the filling or the surrounding tooth cusps.

Recurrent Caries: Detecting new decay developing beneath or around the margins of an old restoration.

Differential Diagnosis

Not all tooth defects require fillings. We distinguish between:

  • Active vs. Arrested Caries: Hard, dark, arrested lesions may not need drilling, whereas soft, light-colored active lesions do.
  • Non-Carious Lesions: Abfraction (stress lesions at the gum line), abrasion, and erosion are diagnosed differently and may require different restorative approaches or occlusal adjustments rather than standard fillings.

Staining vs. Decay: Deep fissures can be stained but sound. Intraoral cameras are used to show the patient the difference.

Assessment of Restorative Complexity

The evaluation determines the class and complexity of the filling, which in turn influences dental charges for fillings.

  • Surface Complexity: Class I (occlusal only) vs. Class II (involving contact points) vs. MOD (complex multi-surface).

Cusp Coverage: Determining if the remaining tooth structure is too weak to support a filling, necessitating an onlay or crown instead

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How does a dentist find cavities between teeth?

Dentists use bitewing X-rays, which can reveal the dark shadow of decay between teeth where a visual exam and toothbrush bristles cannot reach.

A hidden cavity occurs when decay spreads in the softer dentin beneath the surface enamel, leaving the outer surface looking intact; laser fluorescence is often used to detect these.

No, modern diagnostics, such as laser detection and transillumination, allow dentists to assess the depth and activity of decay without invasive exploration.

The cold test (pulp vitality test) checks whether the nerve inside the tooth is healthy and alive. If the nerve is dead or dying, a simple filling will not be enough, and a root canal may be needed.

Waiting is risky because cavities often do not cause pain until they reach the nerve; by then, the tooth structure is severely compromised, leading to more expensive and invasive treatments.

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