Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is the most common and serious type, but it is important to know about other forms of lupus to understand the full range of the disease.

Discoid Lupus Erythematosus

This type of lupus mainly affects the skin. It causes round, red, scaly, and crusty patches called discoid lesions. If these appear on the scalp, they can leave scars and cause permanent hair loss. Most people with discoid lupus do not have serious problems with their internal organs, though a few may go on to develop systemic lupus. Doctors usually confirm the diagnosis with a skin biopsy, which shows a typical pattern called interface dermatitis.

Drug-Induced Lupus

Some medicines can cause a temporary type of lupus. Drugs like hydralazine, procainamide, and isoniazid are well-known examples, and some newer biologic drugs can also trigger it. The symptoms usually look like mild systemic lupus, with joint pain and chest pain from pleurisy, but it rarely affects the kidneys or brain. The main difference is that this form usually goes away after stopping the medication that caused it.

Neonatal Lupus

Neonatal lupus is a rare condition that affects babies born to mothers with lupus or Sjögren syndrome who have certain antibodies called Anti Ro or Anti La. These antibodies can pass through the placenta and cause a temporary rash or blood problems in the baby. The most serious issue is congenital heart block, which is permanent and may need a pacemaker. However, the skin and blood symptoms usually go away within six months as the mother’s antibodies leave the baby’s body.