Clinical Immunology focuses on the immune system’s health. Learn about the diagnosis and treatment of allergies, autoimmune diseases, and immunodeficiencies.
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Vasculitis can cause many different symptoms because it can affect any blood vessel in any organ. The symptoms depend on which organ is affected by reduced blood flow. Still, many types share general symptoms, called constitutional symptoms, that show the body is inflamed. Vasculitis is sometimes called a great imitator because it can look like other diseases. Noticing both general signs of inflammation and specific organ problems is important for spotting the condition.
Almost all patients with systemic vasculitis experience non-specific symptoms that indicate the body is fighting inflammation.
These symptoms can develop suddenly or gradually over months. In acute cases, the patient may present with a rapid decline in health, while chronic forms may present as a lingering illness that is difficult to diagnose.
The skin is one of the most commonly affected organs and often provides the first visible clue to the diagnosis.
The respiratory tract is a major target for ANCA-associated vasculitis.
The kidneys are frequently involved in small vessel vasculitis, often without causing pain.
Vasculitis can affect both the central and peripheral nervous systems.
While the exact cause is often unknown, several factors increase the likelihood of developing vasculitis.
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A urologist is a surgeon trained to treat conditions of the urinary tract in both men and women. A urogynecologist has specific training in female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery, focusing on conditions like bladder prolapse and female incontinence.
The bladder lining (urothelium) has a high regenerative capacity and heals quickly after minor trauma or infection. However, the muscle layer (detrusor) does not regenerate well. If the muscle is damaged by chronic overdistention or fibrosis, the loss of function is often permanent.
Yes, psychological stress can exacerbate bladder symptoms. The bladder has many nerve receptors sensitive to stress hormones. “Stress incontinence” refers to physical pressure (coughing/sneezing), but anxiety can trigger “urgency” and frequency, mimicking Overactive Bladder symptoms.
Yes, the bladder’s functional capacity tends to decrease with age. Furthermore, the elasticity of the bladder wall reduces, and the kidneys produce more urine at night (nocturnal polyuria), leading to increased nighttime urination in older adults.
Neurogenic bladder is a term used when the nerve control of the bladder is disrupted due to a brain, spinal cord, or nerve condition (like diabetes or MS). This can cause the bladder to either be unable to hold urine (incontinence) or unable to empty it (retention).
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