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Ophthalmology Diagnosis and Tests

Advanced Eye Care, Diagnosis & Vision Surgery

Ophthalmology focuses on vision and eye health, offering diagnosis and treatment for cataracts, glaucoma, retinal diseases, and refractive vision problems.

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Precision Mapping of Your Vision

In ophthalmology, diagnosis is not just about reading letters on a wall. The human eye is a biological masterpiece of optics, and treating it requires engineering-level precision. At Liv Hospital, we believe that 90% of a successful surgery happens before you ever enter the operating room.

Our “High-Tech Vision Lab” is equipped with the latest diagnostic devices from global leaders like Zeiss, Oculus, and Alcon. We do not just measure your prescription; we map the entire landscape of your eye—from the curvature of the cornea to the thickness of the retina—down to the micrometer. For our international patients, this comprehensive evaluation is the “Green Light” that determines whether you are a safe candidate for iLASIK, SMILE, or Smart Lens implantation.

The Comprehensive Eye Exam

A standard eye exam at an optician checks your visual acuity. A medical eye exam at Liv Hospital checks the biological health of the entire visual system.

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Step 1: Visual Acuity & Refraction

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 We start with the basics but with higher precision.

  • Autorefractor: A computer that automatically estimates your prescription by measuring how light changes as it enters your eye.
  • Phoropter: The “Better 1 or Better 2?” test. Our digital phoropters allow us to fine-tune your prescription to 0.12 diopters, ensuring the sharpest possible vision.
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Step 2: Slit-Lamp Biomicroscopy

Intralase Treatment and Procedures

This is the ophthalmologist’s primary tool. It is a high-powered microscope with a bright slit of light that allows the doctor to see the structures of the front of the eye in 3D.

  • What we look for: Dry spots on the cornea, early cataracts, inflammation (uveitis), and the health of the eyelids.

Step 3: Intraocular Pressure (IOP)

High eye pressure is the main risk factor for glaucoma. We use Goldmann Applanation Tonometry, the gold standard for accuracy. It gently touches the anesthetized surface of the eye to measure resistance.

ILASIK Treatment and Procedures

The Blueprint for Laser Surgery

If you are considering laser eye surgery (iLASIK, SMILE) or premium cataract surgery, the Pentacam® HR is the most critical test you will undergo.

What does it do? It uses a rotating Scheimpflug camera to take 25,000 to 138,000 distinct elevation points of the cornea in just 2 seconds.

Why is it vital?

  • Corneal Thickness: It measures exactly how thick your cornea is at every point. If your cornea is too thin, LASIK is unsafe, and we may recommend PRK or ICL instead.
  • Keratoconus Screening: It detects “forme fruste” (hidden) keratoconus—a bulging of the cornea that would be disastrous if operated on with a laser.
  • Topography: It creates a color-coded “mountain map” of your eye’s surface, guiding the laser to reshape only the necessary peaks and valleys.

Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)

Retinal diseases often hide beneath the surface. OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography) uses light waves instead of sound waves to take cross-section images of the retina.

What does it show?

  • Macular Layers: It allows us to see the individual layers of the macula (the center of vision). We can detect fluid swelling (macular edema) or tiny holes before they cause blindness.
  • Optic Nerve Head: It measures the thickness of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Thinning here is the earliest sign of glaucoma, often appearing years before peripheral vision is lost.
  • Angio-OCT: A newer feature that allows us to see the blood flow in the retina without injecting any dye.

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Prof. MD. Rıfat Rasier Liv Hospital Ulus Prof. MD. Rıfat Rasier Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Betül Tuğcu Liv Hospital Ulus Prof. MD. Betül Tuğcu Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Mehmet Murat Öncel Liv Hospital Ulus Prof. MD. Mehmet Murat Öncel Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Osman Murat Uyar Liv Hospital Ulus Prof. MD. Osman Murat Uyar Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Vedat Kaya Liv Hospital Ulus Prof. MD. Vedat Kaya Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Ömer Faruk Yılmaz Liv Hospital Vadistanbul Prof. MD. Ömer Faruk Yılmaz Ophthalmology Prof. MD. İhsan Yılmaz Liv Hospital Vadistanbul Prof. MD. İhsan Yılmaz Ophthalmology Spec. MD. Deniz Marangoz Liv Hospital Vadistanbul Spec. MD. Deniz Marangoz Ophthalmology Asst. Prof. MD. Erkan Bulut Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir Asst. Prof. MD. Erkan Bulut Ophthalmology Op. MD. Müslim Beyoğlu Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir Op. MD. Müslim Beyoğlu Ophtalmology Op. MD. Süleyman Mesut Karaatlı Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir Op. MD. Süleyman Mesut Karaatlı Ophthalmology Op. MD. Tezer Nur Gücükoğlu Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir Op. MD. Tezer Nur Gücükoğlu Eye Diseases Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir Prof. MD. Hakkı Zeki Büyükyıldız Ophthalmology Op. MD. Emrah Dirican Liv Hospital Topkapı Op. MD. Emrah Dirican Ophthalmology Op. MD. Ulviye Askerova Liv Hospital Topkapı Op. MD. Ulviye Askerova Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Ali Rıza Cenk Çelebi Liv Hospital Topkapı Prof. MD. Ali Rıza Cenk Çelebi Ophthalmology Op. MD. Altan Kaman Liv Hospital Ankara Op. MD. Altan Kaman Eye Diseases Liv Hospital Ankara Op. MD. Mahmut Doğan Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Mutlu Acar Liv Hospital Ankara Prof. MD. Mutlu Acar Ophthalmology Op. MD. Mehmet Fatih Karadağ Liv Hospital Gaziantep Op. MD. Mehmet Fatih Karadağ Ophthalmology Op. MD. Süreyya Aköz Arun Liv Hospital Gaziantep Op. MD. Süreyya Aköz Arun Eye Diseases Spec. MD. Samire Haqverdiyeva Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. Samire Haqverdiyeva Eye Diseases Spec. MD. AYGÜL TANRIVERDIYEVA Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. AYGÜL TANRIVERDIYEVA Ophthalmology Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. Ehmed Abdullayev Ophthalmology MD. Dr. Ehmed Abdullayev Ophthalmology Op. MD. Cansu Özcan Pehlivan Op. MD. Cansu Özcan Pehlivan Ophthalmology

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The Math Behind the "Smart Lens"

For patients choosing Trifocal (Smart) Intraocular Lenses, the power of the lens must be calculated perfectly. A difference of just 1 millimeter in measurement can result in needing glasses after surgery.

  • Swept Source OCT Technology: It measures the eye’s length, corneal curvature, and anterior chamber depth with incredible speed and accuracy.
  • Penetration: It can measure through even the densest, white cataracts that older ultrasound machines could not penetrate.
  • Telecentric Keratometry: It ensures the measurements are not skewed by the patient accidentally looking slightly off-center.
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Visual Field Testing (Perimetry)

This test maps your peripheral (side) vision. It is subjective, meaning it requires your input.

How it works: You look into a white bowl-shaped device. Small lights flash at different intensities in your side vision. You press a button every time you see a light.

  • The Result: A “map” of your vision. Black spots on the map indicate areas where the optic nerve is not sending signals to the brain. This is the definitive test for diagnosing and monitoring Glaucoma.
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Fluorescein Angiography

For patients with diabetes or vascular eye diseases, seeing the blood vessels is crucial.

The Procedure:

  1. A vegetable-based yellow dye (fluorescein) is injected into a vein in your arm.
  2. It travels to your eye in seconds.
  3. A special camera with blue light takes rapid-sequence photos as the dye fills the retinal blood vessels.

What it reveals: Leaking vessels (in diabetic retinopathy), blockages (occlusions), and abnormal new vessel growth (neovascularization) that needs laser treatment.

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Endothelial Cell Count (Specular Microscopy)

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The endothelium is the innermost layer of the cornea. These cells pump fluid out of the cornea to keep it clear. They do not regenerate.

Why we test it: Before any intraocular surgery (like ICL or Cataract), we must ensure you have enough healthy endothelial cells. If the count is too low (Fuchs’ Dystrophy), standard surgery could cause the cornea to swell and become cloudy permanently.

The "Dry Eye" Workup

Dry eye is complex. We don’t just give you drops; we find the cause.

  • Tear Osmolarity: Measures the saltiness of your tears. High salt content indicates severe dryness.
  • Meibography: Infrared imaging of the oil glands in your eyelids. We can see if the glands are blocked or atrophied (died off), which guides us toward treatments like IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) therapy.

How Liv Hospital Evaluates International Patients

For our guests traveling from abroad, time is limited. We have streamlined the diagnostic process into a “Same-Day Pre-Op Protocol”:

  1. Morning Arrival: You undergo the full battery of tests (Pentacam, OCT, Biometry) immediately.
  2. Dilated Exam: We use drops to widen your pupils. This allows the doctor to see the retina fully but will make your near vision blurry for 4–6 hours.
  3. Surgical Planning: The surgeon reviews all 3D maps on a large screen with you, explaining why you are (or are not) a candidate for a specific procedure.
  4. Customization: If you are approved for iLASIK or Smart Lens, the data is digitally transferred directly to the laser or surgical guidance system, eliminating human data-entry errors.

The Medical Center

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Vision is irreplaceable, and entrusting your eyesight to a medical provider is a significant decision. At Liv Hospital, the Ophthalmology Department represents the convergence of world-class medical expertise and cutting-edge optical technology. We are dedicated to providing a holistic patient experience, ensuring that every individual receives a customized treatment plan designed to protect and enhance their vision for a lifetime.

Get an Online Consultation with
Certified Doctors

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Related Doctors

Prof. MD. Rıfat Rasier Liv Hospital Ulus Prof. MD. Rıfat Rasier Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Betül Tuğcu Liv Hospital Ulus Prof. MD. Betül Tuğcu Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Mehmet Murat Öncel Liv Hospital Ulus Prof. MD. Mehmet Murat Öncel Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Osman Murat Uyar Liv Hospital Ulus Prof. MD. Osman Murat Uyar Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Vedat Kaya Liv Hospital Ulus Prof. MD. Vedat Kaya Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Ömer Faruk Yılmaz Liv Hospital Vadistanbul Prof. MD. Ömer Faruk Yılmaz Ophthalmology Prof. MD. İhsan Yılmaz Liv Hospital Vadistanbul Prof. MD. İhsan Yılmaz Ophthalmology Spec. MD. Deniz Marangoz Liv Hospital Vadistanbul Spec. MD. Deniz Marangoz Ophthalmology Asst. Prof. MD. Erkan Bulut Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir Asst. Prof. MD. Erkan Bulut Ophthalmology Op. MD. Müslim Beyoğlu Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir Op. MD. Müslim Beyoğlu Ophtalmology Op. MD. Süleyman Mesut Karaatlı Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir Op. MD. Süleyman Mesut Karaatlı Ophthalmology Op. MD. Tezer Nur Gücükoğlu Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir Op. MD. Tezer Nur Gücükoğlu Eye Diseases Liv Hospital Bahçeşehir Prof. MD. Hakkı Zeki Büyükyıldız Ophthalmology Op. MD. Emrah Dirican Liv Hospital Topkapı Op. MD. Emrah Dirican Ophthalmology Op. MD. Ulviye Askerova Liv Hospital Topkapı Op. MD. Ulviye Askerova Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Ali Rıza Cenk Çelebi Liv Hospital Topkapı Prof. MD. Ali Rıza Cenk Çelebi Ophthalmology Op. MD. Altan Kaman Liv Hospital Ankara Op. MD. Altan Kaman Eye Diseases Liv Hospital Ankara Op. MD. Mahmut Doğan Ophthalmology Prof. MD. Mutlu Acar Liv Hospital Ankara Prof. MD. Mutlu Acar Ophthalmology Op. MD. Mehmet Fatih Karadağ Liv Hospital Gaziantep Op. MD. Mehmet Fatih Karadağ Ophthalmology Op. MD. Süreyya Aköz Arun Liv Hospital Gaziantep Op. MD. Süreyya Aköz Arun Eye Diseases Spec. MD. Samire Haqverdiyeva Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. Samire Haqverdiyeva Eye Diseases Spec. MD. AYGÜL TANRIVERDIYEVA Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. AYGÜL TANRIVERDIYEVA Ophthalmology Liv Bona Dea Hospital Bakü Spec. MD. Ehmed Abdullayev Ophthalmology MD. Dr. Ehmed Abdullayev Ophthalmology Op. MD. Cansu Özcan Pehlivan Op. MD. Cansu Özcan Pehlivan Ophthalmology

30 Years of
Excellence

Trusted Worldwide

With patients from across the globe, we bring over three decades of medical

Group 346 LIV Hospital

Reviews from 9,651

4,9

Worth a look

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

What is ophthalmology, and what does an ophthalmologist do?

Ophthalmology is the branch of medicine focused on the anatomy, function, and diseases of the eye. An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor who specializes in total eye care. They perform eye exams, diagnose diseases, prescribe medications and glasses, and perform surgical operations to treat eye conditions.

Eye operations treat a vast range of conditions. The most common include cataracts (cloudy lenses), glaucoma (high eye pressure), and refractive errors (need for glasses). They also treat retinal detachments, corneal diseases, eyelid problems, and crossed eyes (strabismus).

The main types include cataract surgery (lens replacement), refractive surgery (like LASIK), and glaucoma surgery (pressure reduction). Other major types are vitrectomy (retina repair), corneal transplants, and oculoplastic surgery (eyelid and tear duct repair).

You should see an eye surgeon if you experience sudden vision loss, eye pain, flashes of light, or physical injury to the eye. You should also see one if you have a chronic disease like diabetes, or if your regular eye doctor (optometrist) detects a problem that requires surgical evaluation.

The main difference is their training and scope of practice. An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor licensed to perform surgery and treat all eye diseases. An optometrist provides primary vision care, such as testing vision and prescribing corrections, but generally does not perform surgery.

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