Pulmonology focuses on diagnosing and treating lung and airway conditions such as asthma, COPD, and pneumonia, as well as overall respiratory health.
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Treating acute pulmonary edema must be done quickly. The first step is to help the patient get enough oxygen and make breathing easier. At Liv Hospital, we use the “L-M-N-O-P” approach (Lasix, Morphine, Nitrates, Oxygen, Position) to stabilize patients fast, following current guidelines.
Oxygen is the first drug administered. It is given via nasal cannula or face mask to maintain saturation above 90%. Hypoxia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction, which worsens the pressure; oxygen reverses this.
For patients who are struggling to breathe, non-invasive ventilation (CPAP or BiPAP) is the best first choice.
If the patient is very tired, unconscious, or not improving with non-invasive ventilation, they need to be intubated. The ventilator will breathe for them, and PEEP will help keep the airways open.
If the heart is causing the edema, the main goal is to remove extra fluid and lower the pressure the heart must work against.
If the heart is not the cause, diuretics and vasodilators might not help and could even be harmful.
This type needs both environmental and medical treatments.
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Lasix (furosemide) is a potent diuretic that forces the kidneys to make more urine, quickly removing excess fluid from the blood so it doesn’t leak into the lungs.
The mask uses pressure to push air into your lungs; this pressure physically forces the fluid out of the air sacs and back into the blood vessels, making it much easier to breathe.
In small doses, morphine can reduce the anxiety and “air hunger” associated with pulmonary edema, and it also helps relax blood vessels, taking some workload off the heart.
If diuretics don’t work, especially in kidney failure, doctors may use ultrafiltration or dialysis to filter the excess water out of the blood mechanically.
No, oxygen keeps you alive by keeping your blood oxygen levels up, but it doesn’t fix the fluid problem. You need medications or procedures to remove the fluid and treat the cause.
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