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Rheumatology treats musculoskeletal and autoimmune diseases, including arthritis, lupus, gout, and vasculitis.
Send us all your questions or requests, and our expert team will assist you.
Arthritis is a general term for conditions that involve inflammation, or swelling, in one or more joints. A joint is where two bones meet, like your knee, elbow, or shoulder. This inflammation often leads to pain, stiffness, and trouble moving the affected joint. While it is very common, it is not a single disease. Instead, it is a complex family of conditions that can affect people of all ages, including children. The word “arthritis” comes from the Greek words arthron, meaning “joint,” and -itis, meaning “inflammation.” Therefore, the very arthritis definition is “joint inflammation.”
It is important to clearly understand what arthritis is and what it is often mistaken for:
The many forms of arthritis are typically grouped into categories based on their underlying cause and how they affect the body. Understanding these main groups helps specialists pinpoint the correct diagnosis and treatment plan.
The most common form, this group is characterized by the breakdown of cartilage, the slippery tissue that cushions the ends of bones in a joint.
Osteoarthritis (OA): Often called “wear-and-tear” arthritis. It involves the cartilage gradually wearing down, causing bones to rub together. It most often affects the hands, knees, hips, and spine.
This type occurs when the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks healthy joint tissue, causing widespread inflammation. These are systemic diseases, meaning they can affect the entire body.
This is caused by a bacteria, virus, or fungus entering the joint and causing inflammation. Treating the infection is key to preventing permanent joint damage.
This type is caused by a buildup of a substance in the body that then crystallizes in the joints, leading to sudden, intense inflammation.
Gout: Caused by the buildup of uric acid, which forms sharp crystals in the joints, usually the big toe. Flares can be extremely painful.
While arthritis is centered on the joints, many forms, especially the inflammatory types, are systemic and can involve several other organ systems. This is why a thorough examination by a rheumatologist is essential.
Arthritis is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Its impact on a person’s ability to work, perform daily tasks, and maintain an independent life makes its study and treatment a major focus in modern medicine. The specialized field dedicated to these conditions is Rheumatology.
Rheumatologists are internal medicine doctors who have special training in diagnosing and treating diseases of the joints, muscles, and bones. Their expertise is crucial because:
The complexity of these diseases has led to further specialization within rheumatology.
Send us all your questions or requests, and our expert team will assist you.
The main difference is the cause. Osteoarthritis is “wear-and-tear” where cartilage breaks down over time. Rheumatoid Arthritis is an autoimmune disease where the body’s immune system attacks the joint lining, causing inflammation throughout the body.
Most common forms of arthritis, such as Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis, do not currently have a cure. However, with modern treatments, the conditions can be managed very effectively to control pain, reduce inflammation, and prevent long-term joint damage.
Yes, in most cases, exercise is very important. Low-impact activities like swimming, walking, or cycling can help maintain joint flexibility, strengthen supporting muscles, and reduce pain. It is best to consult with your doctor or a physical therapist for a personalized plan.
A rheumatologist is a specialist doctor for diseases of the joints, muscles, and bones. You should see one if you have persistent joint pain, unexplained swelling in multiple joints, morning stiffness that lasts for more than an hour, or have been diagnosed with an autoimmune disease like Lupus or Rheumatoid Arthritis.
Many people with arthritis report that their joint pain is worse with changes in weather, especially when barometric pressure drops (before rain). While the exact reason is not fully clear, many experts believe the pressure change affects the swelling and sensitivity of the already inflamed joint tissues.
