Cardiology is the medical specialty focused on the heart and the cardiovascular system. It involves the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. These conditions include coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), and valve disorders. The field covers a broad spectrum, from congenital heart defects present at birth to acquired conditions like heart attacks.
Send us all your questions or requests, and our expert team will assist you.
The focus shifts to living life once the diagnosis and treatment are underway. The ultimate goal of pediatric cardiology is to let kids be. While medical appointments and medications might be part of the routine, they shouldn’t define the child’s entire existence. Parents often struggle with the balance between protecting their child and letting them explore the world.
This section focuses on the practical day-to-day aspects of raising a child with a heart condition. It covers nutrition, sports, school, and emotional health. It also touches on prevention—not necessarily preventing the defect (which is usually impossible), but preventing complications and ensuring the heart remains as healthy as possible into adulthood.
Good nutrition is fuel for the heart. For babies with heart defects, gaining weight is the first major hurdle. Because their hearts burn so many calories, they often need high-calorie formulas or fortified breast milk to grow. Some babies may need a temporary feeding tube (NG tube) to make sure they get enough nutrition without exhausting themselves.
As children get older, the focus shifts. Ironically, obesity is a growing problem even for kids with heart conditions. Extra weight puts extra strain on a heart that is already working hard. A heart-healthy diet for a child with a defect looks the same as for any child: plenty of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean proteins, with limited sugar and processed foods. Keeping a healthy weight is one of the best ways to protect the surgical repairs done in childhood.
One of the first questions parents ask is, “Can my child play sports?” In the past, doctors were very restrictive. Today, the philosophy is different. Exercise is vital for the heart muscle and for the child’s self-esteem.
For most mild heart conditions, there are no restrictions. Children can play soccer, swim, and run gym class. For more complex conditions, or for children with pacemakers, there may be limits on competitive sports or high-impact contact sports (like hockey or football) that could hit the chest hard. However, almost every child is encouraged to do recreational activity. The cardiologist will provide a specific “clearance” note for schools detailing exactly what is safe.
Growing up with a heart condition affects a child’s mind as well as their body. They may feel different because of their scar or because they have to visit the doctor while friends are at play. They might have anxiety about their health.
School can also be a challenge. Children who had long hospital stays might be behind academically. Parents should work with the school to set up an Individualized Education Plan (IEP) or 504 Plan. This can allow for things like extra time on tests, permission to have a water bottle in class, or modified gym activities. Bullying is another concern; teaching the child to explain their condition confidently (“I have a special heart and a cool scar”) can help them own their story.
Teeth cleaning is surprisingly important for heart patients. The mouth is full of bacteria. During dental procedures (or even just brushing if gums are inflamed), these bacteria can enter the bloodstream. In children with certain heart defects or artificial valves, these bacteria can stick to the rough areas of the heart and cause a serious infection called endocarditis.
To prevent this, meticulous brushing and flossing are non-negotiable. Additionally, for certain high-risk defects, the cardiologist will prescribe antibiotics to be taken one hour before any dental work (cleanings or fillings). This antibiotic prophylaxis acts as a shield against infection.
Children with congenital heart defects are not immune to “regular” heart problems. In fact, they need to be even more careful. High cholesterol, high blood pressure, and diabetes can damage a surgically repaired heart faster than a normal heart.
Prevention starts early. Regular screening for cholesterol (lipids) usually starts in late childhood. Avoiding smoking and vaping is absolutely critical—smoke reduces oxygen, which a heart patient cannot afford to lose. Instilling these habits early sets the child up for a longer, healthier adulthood.
Respiratory infections pose significant risks for children with heart conditions. The flu or RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) can stress the heart and lungs, leading to hospitalization. Therefore, routine vaccinations are a key part of cardiac care.
Send us all your questions or requests, and our expert team will assist you.
Yes, most children with stable heart conditions can fly without issue. Commercial planes are pressurized. If your child requires supplemental oxygen at home, you will need to arrange for it on the plane. Always carry a copy of their medical records when traveling.
Parents of “blue babies” often worry that crying will hurt the baby. While extreme crying can lower oxygen in some specific defects (Tetralogy of Fallot), generally, you should allow a baby to cry. It is normal communication. Comfort them, but don’t live in fear of tears.
Most women with congenital heart defects can have successful pregnancies, though they are considered “high risk” and need careful monitoring. Men with defects can father children normally. There is a chance of passing the defect on, so genetic counseling is recommended.
Usually, no. A standard diet is best. However, always check with the cardiologist before giving herbal supplements or high-dose vitamins, as some can interact with heart medications (like blood thinners).
Be honest and positive. Frame it as a “bravery badge” or a “zipper” that shows how strong they are. Avoiding the topic can make it seem shameful. Normalizing it helps them build body confidence.
Did you know heart problems affect nearly 1 in 100 kids globally? As children’s heart care experts, we diagnose, treat, and manage these issues. Our
Did you know heart defects are common birth defects? They affect many newborns worldwide. Caregivers must be vigilant in spotting early signs of heart issues
Interested in pediatric cardiology? Discover top career facts and schooling requirements. Learn how long it takes to become a heart expert today. Becoming a pediatric
Leave your phone number and our medical team will call you back to discuss your healthcare needs and answer all your questions.
Your Comparison List (you must select at least 2 packages)
