Gastroenterology covers the digestive system. It focuses on diagnosing, treating, and managing conditions of the stomach, intestines, liver, and pancreas.
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Cirrhosis is frequently described as a “silent epidemic” because the clinical presentation often lags far behind the biological progression of the disease. The liver possesses a large functional reserve, meaning it can continue to perform its vital duties even when significantly damaged. Consequently, patients may remain asymptomatic for years during the compensated phase. As the fibrosis advances and portal hypertension worsens, a constellation of symptoms emerges, reflecting the dual failure of the liver’s synthetic capabilities and its hemodynamic stability. Recognizing these signs—ranging from subtle skin changes to dramatic fluid shifts—is essential for early intervention. At Liv Hospital, we emphasize the importance of vigilance for these “warning signs” in patients with known risk factors.
In the early or compensated stages, symptoms are often non-specific and can be easily attributed to stress, aging, or other minor illnesses.
The skin offers visible clues to the underlying hormonal and vascular imbalances caused by liver dysfunction.
As the pressure in the portal vein rises, it forces fluid out of the blood vessels and redirects blood flow, leading to the most severe complications.
The liver plays a central role in metabolizing hormones, and its failure leads to systemic imbalances.
Loss of Libido: A significant decrease in sexual drive is reported by patients of both sexes.
When the liver can no longer detoxify the blood, neurotoxins (primarily ammonia) accumulate and cross the blood-brain barrier.
Coma: In severe stages, patients can become unresponsive.
Identifying risk factors is key to prevention and early diagnosis.
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This condition is called ascites. It occurs because the high pressure in the liver’s blood vessels (portal hypertension) forces fluid to leak into the abdominal cavity, while the kidneys simultaneously retain salt and water due to hormonal signals.
The tremor, called asterixis, is caused by hepatic encephalopathy. When the liver cannot filter ammonia and other toxins, they affect the brain’s motor control centers, causing a temporary loss of muscle tone that results in a flapping motion.
The liver manufactures almost all the clotting factors needed to stop bleeding. In cirrhosis, production of these proteins drops. Additionally, the enlarged spleen destroys platelets, further impairing the blood’s ability to clot.
No, the itching (pruritus) in cirrhosis is internal. It is caused by the accumulation of bile salts and other pruritogens in the bloodstream and skin because the damaged liver cannot excrete bile effectively.
Cholangiocarcinoma is rare and aggressive; surgery is the only curative option when tumors are resectable, but only a minority qualify at diagnosis, so expert evaluation
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