Infectious diseases specialists diagnose and treat infections from bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, focusing on fevers, antibiotics, and vaccines.
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Vaccination represents the most effective public health strategy for preventing pneumonia and its severe complications. Vaccines work by training the immune system to recognize and neutralize specific pathogens before they can establish an infection in the lungs.
Pertussis (Whooping Cough) Vaccine: Included in the DTaP/Tdap series, this prevents Bordetella pertussis infection, which can lead to severe pneumonia, particularly in infants.
Hospitals and long-term care facilities are high-risk environments for the transmission of pneumonia. Strict infection control protocols are mandated to prevent Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP).
Prevention also extends to the management of environmental factors and personal lifestyle choices that influence lung health.
A robust immune system is the body’s intrinsic barrier against pneumonia. Nutritional status plays a pivotal role in maintaining immune competence.
At the population level, surveillance systems monitor the incidence of respiratory pathogens and patterns of antibiotic resistance. This data informs vaccination policies, outbreak responses, and antibiotic prescribing guidelines. Rapid identification of emerging respiratory viruses enables the timely implementation of containment strategies to prevent widespread epidemics of viral pneumonia.
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Smoking damages the cilia in the lungs, which are responsible for clearing mucus and trapping bacteria. It also weakens the immune cells in the lungs. Quitting smoking allows the cilia to regrow and the immune system to recover, restoring the lung’s natural ability to clear pathogens and resist infection.
PCV13 (Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine) protects against 13 types of pneumococcal bacteria and is designed to produce a stronger, longer-lasting immune response, especially in children. PPSV23 (Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine) protects against 23 types and is typically used in adults and high-risk individuals to broaden the coverage. Doctors often recommend a sequence of both for maximum protection.
Yes. Aspiration pneumonia occurs when bacteria from the mouth are inhaled into the lungs. Brushing teeth, flossing, and receiving dental care reduce the number of harmful bacteria in the mouth. This means that if aspiration does occur, the bacterial load entering the lungs is lower, reducing the chance of infection.
Elevating the head of the bed (usually 30 to 45 degrees) uses gravity to prevent stomach contents from refluxing back into the esophagus and into the trachea and lungs. This simple measure significantly reduces the risk of aspiration, which is a leading cause of ventilator-associated and hospital-acquired pneumonia.
It depends on the cause. Bacterial and viral pneumonia are contagious and can spread through respiratory droplets from coughing or sneezing. However, fungal pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia are generally not contagious from person to person. The contagiousness usually decreases rapidly once effective antibiotic treatment for bacterial pneumonia has begun.
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