Step by step guide to the Artificial Fertilisation process. Learn about ovarian stimulation, egg retrieval, laboratory fertilization, and embryo transfer.
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Procedure Steps
The process of Artificial Fertilisation is a carefully orchestrated sequence of medical and laboratory events. The cycle begins with ovarian stimulation, a phase designed to encourage the body to produce multiple mature eggs in a single month. In a natural menstrual cycle, a woman typically releases only one egg.
During the stimulation phase, patient safety and the progress of follicle growth are monitored very closely. This monitoring involves frequent visits to the clinic for blood tests and ultrasound scans.
Once the monitoring shows that the majority of the follicles have reached the target size, the final step of the stimulation phase is initiated. The patient is instructed to take a specific, carefully timed trigger injection.
The egg retrieval is a minor surgical procedure performed in a clinical operating room. It is typically conducted under light anesthesia or intravenous sedation, ensuring the patient is asleep and feels no discomfort.
While the eggs are being retrieved, the sperm sample is also collected and prepared. The laboratory uses specialized washing and spinning techniques to separate the most active, healthy sperm from the seminal fluid and any non motile cells.
The actual event of fertilization occurs in the laboratory using one of two primary methods. In standard insemination, a specific concentration of the prepared sperm is placed in a culture dish surrounding each retrieved egg.
The day following the fertilization attempt, the embryologists check the eggs under a microscope to confirm how many have successfully fertilized. A successfully fertilized egg becomes a single cell embryo, called a zygote.
Throughout the culture period, embryologists monitor the developmental milestones of each embryo. They look for symmetric cell division and the absence of cellular fragmentation.
The culmination of the active treatment cycle is the embryo transfer. Unlike the egg retrieval, the transfer is a simple, painless procedure that does not require anesthesia.
Following the transfer, any remaining high quality embryos that were not transferred can be cryopreserved. Modern freezing techniques use a rapid freezing process that prevents the formation of damaging ice crystals within the cells.
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The primary diagnostic tools include prenatal fetal echocardiogram, pediatric echocardiogram after birth, Cardiac MRI, and the standard newborn metabolic screening panel.
Patients are given sedation or anesthesia during the procedure, meaning they sleep through it and do not feel pain during the collection.
The method is chosen based on the quality of the sperm sample; poor sperm quality usually requires direct injection into the egg.
A blastocyst is an embryo that has developed in the laboratory for five or six days and contains over a hundred cells.
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