Urology treats urinary tract diseases in all genders and male reproductive issues, covering the kidneys, bladder, prostate, urethra, from infections to complex cancers.
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Before having Laser Lithotripsy at Liv Hospital, patients go through a thorough diagnostic process. This step confirms the presence of stones and maps out the urinary tract. For minimally invasive surgery to work well, the doctor needs to know the stone’s size, location, hardness, and the details of the patient’s anatomy. This helps choose the right tools and laser settings for each case.
Imaging gives the surgeon a clear view before surgery. High-quality scans are needed to decide if endoscopic treatment is possible and safe.
It’s just as important to understand the body’s condition as it is to see the stone.
For patients who get stones often or have high risk, doctors also do metabolic tests to help prevent new stones.
Since Laser Lithotripsy is performed under general anesthesia, a standard pre-operative assessment including an electrocardiogram ECG and a review of cardiac and respiratory health is conducted to ensure the patient can safely tolerate the anesthesia and the lithotomy position required for the surgery.
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A CT scan provides a high-resolution, three-dimensional view of the entire urinary tract. Unlike ultrasound, which uses sound waves that are blocked by bone and bowel gas, a CT scan uses X-rays to see through these structures. It can detect tiny ureteral stones that ultrasound misses and provides specific details about the stone’s hardness and anatomy.
The Hounsfield Unit HU is a measure of density on a CT scan. For kidney stones, it indicates how hard the stone is. A low HU suggests a soft stone, such as uric acid, that will break easily and quickly into dust. A high HU indicates a very dense stone, such as calcium oxalate monohydrate, that will require higher laser energy and more time to fragment.
No, it is generally unsafe to perform elective laser lithotripsy in the presence of an active urinary tract infection. Breaking a stone releases bacteria trapped inside it, and the pressure during surgery can push them into the bloodstream, causing sepsis. The disease must be treated with antibiotics first, or the kidney drained with a stent, before the laser procedure.
A 24-hour urine collection provides a complete picture of your body chemistry. A single spot urine sample changes based on what you just ate or drank. A 24-hour collection averages out these fluctuations, revealing if you are consistently excreting too much calcium, not enough citrate, or if your urine is too concentrated, allowing for precise dietary and medical prevention.
Modern CT protocols for kidney stones use low-dose radiation techniques. The radiation dose is significantly lower than that of standard abdominal scans, while still providing clear images of the high-contrast stones. The risk from this low level of radiation is minimal compared to the risk of leaving an obstructive stone undiagnosed and untreated.
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