What is Urology?

Urology: Urinary & Reproductive Disease Diagnosis & Treatment

Urology treats urinary tract diseases in all genders and male reproductive issues, covering the kidneys, bladder, prostate, urethra, from infections to complex cancers.

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Post-Procedural Recovery

Urinary Retention

Recovery trajectories depend heavily on the intervention performed.

  • After Catheter Removal: Patients may experience frequency, urgency, and some burning for a few weeks as the bladder “wakes up” from being stretched and inflamed. The bladder capacity may be temporarily reduced due to prolonged drainage.
  • After Prostate Surgery: Mild burning and blood in the urine are common for 2-4 weeks as the internal wound heals. Patients are advised to drink plenty of water to flush the system. Heavy lifting (>5kg) and straining are restricted for 4-6 weeks to prevent delayed bleeding (scab dislodgement).
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Managing Complications: Post-Obstructive Diuresis (POD)

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This is a critical physiological phenomenon managed in the hospital setting. After a chronic, high-pressure blockage is relieved (by catheter or surgery), the kidneys may release massive amounts of urine (polyuria)—sometimes 5 to 10 liters a day.

  • Mechanism: The kidneys have lost their concentrating ability due to long-term back-pressure, and they are aggressively flushing out accumulated urea and salt.
  • Danger: This can lead to life-threatening dehydration and electrolyte imbalance (low potassium/magnesium/sodium).
  • Management: Patients with chronic retention and high creatinine must be hospitalized during initial catheterization to monitor urine output. Intravenous fluid replacement may be necessary to match the production until the kidneys stabilize (usually 24-48 hours).
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Long-Term Surveillance

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  • Renal Function: Patients with a history of chronic retention need annual Ultrasound and Creatinine checks to ensure no long-term kidney damage (hydronephrosis) is occurring.
  • CIC Adherence: For patients on self-catheterization, regular checks ensure they are performing the technique correctly and that they are not developing strictures or stones.
  • Cancer Screening: Men with retention should continue prostate cancer screening once the acute inflammation has subsided, as they are still at risk.

Lifestyle for Bladder Health

  • Fluid Management: Avoiding rapid over-hydration (e.g., chugging 1 liter of water at once). Slow, steady intake allows the compromised bladder to cope better.
  • Constipation Control: A strict bowel regimen (fiber, softeners) is critical, as a full rectum is the enemy of the empty bladder.
  • Bladder Irritants: Reducing caffeine and alcohol, which can destabilize the bladder and cause spasms.

Catheter Care and Hygiene

For patients requiring long-term catheterization (Foley or Suprapubic), meticulous care is essential to prevent CAUTIs (Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections).

  • Hygiene: Daily cleaning of the meatus with soap and water.
  • Closed System: Keeping the drainage bag below the bladder level to prevent backflow.
  • Changes: Regular catheter changes (every 4-6 weeks) to prevent encrustation and blockage.

The Psychological Aspect

Chronic retention and catheter dependence can lead to anxiety and depression. Liv Hospital provides psychological support and counseling to help patients adjust to lifestyle changes and maintain a high quality of life.

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FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

How long does it take for the bladder to recover after a period of retention?

If the bladder was stretched acutely (less than 24 hours), it usually recovers tone immediately. If it was chronically stretched for months or years (Chronic Retention), the muscle may take weeks or months to regain tone, or it may be permanently damaged (fibrosis). In some cases, the bladder never fully recovers contractile power, necessitating lifelong catheterization.

This is likely “Post-Obstructive Diuresis.” Your kidneys are celebrating the relief of pressure and are aggressively flushing out retained salt, water, and toxins. It is a necessary cleaning process. However, if it is excessive (>200mL per hour), you need medical monitoring to ensure you don’t get dehydrated or lose too many electrolytes.

Yes, though it is uncommon. It can happen if the prostate grows back (usually takes 10+ years), if scar tissue forms (urethral stricture), or if the bladder muscle weakens with age. Regular check-ups with your urologist are essential to catch flow reduction early before retention returns.

Watch for a weak stream, needing to strain to pee, waking up frequently at night, or wetness in your underwear. If you stop passing urine completely and feel pain, go to the Emergency Room immediately. Fever and back pain indicate a kidney infection.

A small amount of pink-tinged urine is normal for a day or two due to minor trauma. However, thick, ketchup-like blood or the passage of large clots is not normal and can block the urethra again (Clot Retention). If this happens, seek medical help immediately to flush the bladder.

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