Stem cells can develop into many cell types and act as the body’s repair system. They replace or restore damaged tissues, offering new possibilities for treating diseases.
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Lymphoma is not just one disease but a group of different cancers, each with its own behavior, genetics, and course. Doctors classify lymphomas mainly by the type of lymphocyte involved (B-cell or T-cell/NK-cell) and how fast the cancer grows (slow or aggressive). Knowing these details helps guide treatment decisions, especially when considering advanced options such as stem cell transplants.
B-cell lymphomas account for the majority of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma cases, representing approximately 85 percent of diagnoses. These malignancies arise from B lymphocytes, which produce antibodies.
T-cell lymphomas are rarer and generally more challenging to treat than their B-cell counterparts. They arise from T-lymphocytes or Natural Killer cells, which are involved in direct cell-mediated immunity.
Hodgkin Lymphoma is distinct but also has subtypes that influence treatment decisions.
Defining the condition also involves staging, which assesses the extent of the disease spread. The Lugano Classification (derived from the Ann Arbor system) is the standard:
In addition to staging, the condition is evaluated based on “B Symptoms.” The presence of unexplained fever, drenching night sweats, and significant weight loss classifies the patient as having “B” disease (e.g., Stage IIB), which often signifies a more aggressive clinical course and may influence the decision to pursue more intensive therapies.
While the exact cause of the genetic mutations driving lymphoma is often unknown, several indications and risk factors correlate with the development of the condition:
The decision to employ regenerative medicine techniques, specifically Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation (HSCT), is based on specific indications where standard therapies are insufficient.
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Indolent refers to slow-growing lymphomas. Patients with indolent lymphoma may not experience symptoms for a long time and the disease might not require immediate treatment. Physicians often employ a “watch and wait” strategy, monitoring the patient closely and only initiating therapy when symptoms appear or the disease progresses.
No, B-symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss) are systemic indicators of aggressive disease, but many patients present only with painless lymph node swelling in the neck, armpit, or groin. Other symptoms can include severe itching, fatigue, shortness of breath, or pain in the lymph nodes after consuming alcohol.
Double Hit lymphoma is a high-grade B-cell lymphoma that has genetic rearrangements in two specific genes, typically MYC and BCL2. These genetic alterations cause cancer cells to grow rapidly and become resistant to standard chemotherapy. This condition is a strong indication of the need for intensive treatment strategies.
Yes, many benign conditions can cause swollen lymph nodes that mimic lymphoma. Common infections, reactive lymphadenopathy, cat scratch disease, and autoimmune disorders can all present with enlarged nodes. This is why a tissue biopsy is essential to distinguish between a benign reaction and a malignant condition.
Not necessarily. Unlike many solid tumors where Stage IV indicates incurable metastatic disease, Stage IV lymphoma (including bone marrow involvement) is often treatable and potentially curable. Systemic chemotherapy and immunotherapy circulate throughout the body and can effectively eliminate cancer cells in distant organs and the marrow.
A bone marrow lymphoma transplant, also known as a stem cell transplant, is a medical procedure. It replaces damaged or diseased bone marrow with healthy
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