Pulmonology focuses on diagnosing and treating lung and airway conditions such as asthma, COPD, and pneumonia, as well as overall respiratory health.
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The symptoms of this lung disease usually appear slowly over many years, so people often think they are just getting older or out of shape. The main symptom is shortness of breath, which gets worse over time. At first, you might only notice it when doing hard activities like climbing stairs. As the disease gets worse, even simple tasks like getting dressed or walking can make you short of breath, and eventually, it can happen even when you are resting. People often say it feels like they have to work harder to breathe or feel like they can’t get enough air. This is often made worse because air gets trapped in the lungs during activity, making it hard to take a full breath. At Liv Hospital, we track how these symptoms change to help decide how advanced the disease is.
A long-lasting cough is often the first sign of this disease and can start years before breathing problems appear.
Wheezing and chest tightness are common symptoms, and how bad they are can change from time to time.
Feeling tired all the time is a common and serious symptom that can make daily life much harder.
Cigarette smoking is the biggest risk factor for this disease. The more someone smokes over time, the higher the risk.
While smoking is the main cause, being exposed to dust, chemicals, or pollution at work or in the environment is also a big risk, especially for people who do not smoke.
There is a lot of overlap between asthma and this disease. Adults who have had asthma for a long time are much more likely to develop lasting breathing problems. This type, sometimes called asthma-COPD overlap, leads to more flare-ups and has a different kind of inflammation. Having airways that react strongly to things, called airway hyperreactivity, is also a risk factor, even without asthma.
Problems that affect lung growth before birth or during childhood can raise the risk of getting this disease as an adult.
Besides Alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, other genes also affect who gets this disease. Not everyone who smokes heavily develops it, which means genetics play a role in how lungs handle damage. Researchers are studying different genes that may make some people more at risk, especially when combined with environmental factors.
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A full stomach can press against the diaphragm, restricting its movement and making it harder for the lungs to expand, which can increase the sensation of breathlessness.
Emerging evidence suggests that vaping can cause inflammation and damage to lung tissue similar to smoking, and it is considered a risk factor for developing lung disease.
Yes, long-term exposure to secondhand smoke, air pollution, chemical fumes, or dusts at work, as well as genetic factors, can cause the disease in non-smokers.
Severe weight loss involves the loss of muscle mass, including the muscles used for breathing, which weakens respiratory function and worsens overall health.
Extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, as well as high humidity or high pollution levels, can irritate the airways and worsen symptoms.
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