Pulmonology focuses on diagnosing and treating lung and airway conditions such as asthma, COPD, and pneumonia, as well as overall respiratory health.
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Treatment strategies for lung disease have evolved from simple symptom relief to modifying the disease course and improving survival. At Liv Hospital, we champion a multidisciplinary approach that brings together pulmonologists, thoracic surgeons, radiologists, physiotherapists, nutritionists, and specialized respiratory nurses. The management plan is personalized, targeting the specific pathology (inflammation, infection, fibrosis, or obstruction) while aggressively managing comorbidities and quality of life.
Bronchodilators
These relax the smooth muscle of the airways, opening them and improving airflow.
Combination Inhalers: Combining mechanisms provides superior symptom control and reduces exacerbations.
Phosphodiesterase-4 Inhibitors: Oral pills (Roflumilast) to reduce inflammation in severe COPD with chronic bronchitis.
Nintedanib & Pirfenidone: Revolutionary drugs for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) and other progressive fibrosing ILDs. They do not reverse scarring but significantly slow the rate of decline in lung function.
Antivirals: Tamiflu for influenza; Paxlovid for COVID-19; prophylactic antivirals for transplant patients.
Immunotherapy (Checkpoint Inhibitors): IV drugs (e.g., Pembrolizumab) that unleash the body’s immune system to attack cancer cells, revolutionizing survival in advanced lung cancer.
Ambulatory Oxygen: Portable concentrators allow patients to remain active and exercise without desaturation.
BiPAP: Bi-level pressure for severe COPD with CO2 retention or neuromuscular disease. It helps unload the respiratory muscles and blow off excess CO2 during sleep.
Minimally invasive procedures to manage advanced disease and improve mechanics.
Indwelling Pleural Catheters (PleurX): Allowing patients to drain recurrent malignant pleural effusions at home, improving dyspnea, and avoiding hospital admissions.
Lung Transplantation: The final option for end-stage lung disease (CF, IPF, COPD, Pulmonary Hypertension) when all medical therapy fails. Requires rigorous selection but offers a new lease on life.
Not just for end-of-life, but for symptom burden throughout the disease.
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CT scans use X-rays to create detailed cross-sectional images and are excellent for visualizing kidney stones, detecting tumors, and evaluating traumatic injuries. They are fast and widely available. MRI uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images of soft tissues, making it superior for staging prostate cancer, evaluating bladder wall invasion, and assessing pelvic floor disorders without ionizing radiation.
Contrast dye, usually iodine-based, is injected into a vein to highlight the blood vessels and urinary tract organs. As the kidneys filter the dye from the blood, it opacifies the urine. This allows the radiologist to see the internal structure of the kidneys, the ureters, and the bladder clearly, revealing blockages, tumors, or structural abnormalities that would be invisible on a non-contrast scan.
Multiparametric MRI is an advanced imaging technique that combines standard anatomical sequences with functional sequences like Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced imaging. This provides a comprehensive assessment of the prostate, allowing doctors to distinguish between benign conditions like BPH and significant prostate cancer, and to guide targeted biopsies.
CT scans do involve exposure to ionizing radiation, which carries a small theoretical risk of cellular damage over time. However, modern CT scanners use dose-modulation technology to minimize this exposure to the lowest level necessary for a diagnostic image. The benefit of an accurate and timely diagnosis for serious urological conditions typically far outweighs the minimal risk of radiation.
Many modern orthopedic implants are MRI-safe, although they may cause some image distortion. However, older pacemakers, defibrillators, and certain metal clips may be unsafe in the strong magnetic field. It is critical to inform the imaging team of any metallic implants so they can verify their safety compatibility or recommend an alternative test like a CT scan.
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